Integumentary System

1. Integumentary System CHAPTER 5

2. Integumentary System • Skin • Integument or cutaneous membrane • Epidermis • Dermis • Subcutaneous layer • Accessory structures • Hair • Nails • Glands

3. Layers and Structures of the Skin

4. Skin Lesions • Abrasion • Scraping or rubbing away of skin or mucous membrane as a result of friction to the area • Example: carpet burn • Abscess • Localized collection of pus in any body part that results from invasion of pus-forming bacteria • Example: pustule = small abscess

5. Skin Lesions • Bedsore • Ulcer in skin over a bony prominence • Also known as pressure ulcer • Example: decubitus ulcer • Blister • Small, thin-walled lesion containing clear fluid • Also known as a vesicle

6. Skin Lesions • Bulla • Large blister • Carbuncle • Circumscribed inflammation of skin and deeper tissues; contains pus • Comedo • Typical lesion of acne vulgaris • Example: whitehead = closed comedo • Example: blackhead = open comedo

7. Skin Lesions • Cyst • Closed sac or pouch in or within the skin; contains fluid, semifluid, or solid material • Example: hydrocele = fluid-filled cyst • Example: sebaceous cyst = solid-filled cyst

8. Skin Lesions • Fissure • Cracklike sore or groove in the skin or mucous membrane • Example: anal fissure • Fistula • Abnormal passageway between two tubular organs; or from an organ to the body surface • Example: recto-vaginal fistula

9. Skin Lesions • Hives • Circumscribed, slightly elevated lesions on skin; paler in center than surrounding edges • Also called wheals • Example: mosquito bite • Laceration • Tear in skin; torn, jagged wound

10. Skin Lesions • Macule • Small flat, discoloration of the skin; neither raised nor depressed • Example: bruises, freckles • Nodule • Small, circumscribed swelling protruding above the skin

11. Skin Lesions • Papule • Small, solid, circumscribed elevation on the skin • Example: pimple, wart, elevated mole • Polyp • Small, stalklike growth, protruding upward or outward from membrane surface • Example: nasal polyp

12. Skin Lesions • Pustule • Small elevation of skin filled with pus • Example: small abscess on the skin • Scales • Thin flakes of hardened epithelium that are shed from the epidermis • Ulcer • Circumscribed, open sore or lesion of skin, accompanied by inflammation • Example: decubitus ulcer

13. Skin Lesions • Vesicle • Small, thin-walled, lesion containing clear fluid • Example: blister • Wheal • Circumscribed, slightly elevated lesion of the skin • Paler in center than surrounding edges • Example: hives

14. PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS Integumentary System

15. Acne Vulgaris • Pronounced • (ACK-nee-vul-GAY-ris) • Defined • Common inflammatory disorder seen on face, chest, back, and neck • Appears as papules, pustules, and comedos

16. Albinism • Pronounced • (AL-bin-izm) • Defined • Condition characterized by absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes

17. Burns • Defined • Tissue injury produced by flame, heat, chemicals, radiation, electricity, or gases • Extent of damage determined by: • Mode and duration of exposure • Thermal intensity or temperature • Anatomic site of the burn

18. Burns • First-degree or superficial burns • Example: sunburn • Second-degree or partial-thickness burns • Example: flash contact with hot objects • Third-degree or full-thickness burns • Example: deep burns from a fire

19. Callus • Pronounced • (CAL-us) • Defined • Common, usually painless thickening of the epidermis at sites of external pressure or friction, such as weight-bearing areas of the feet and on the palmar surface of the hands • Also known as a callosity

20. Carcinoma, Basal Cell • Pronounced • (car-sih-NOH-mah BAY-sal sell) • Defined • Most common malignant tumor of epithelial tissue, occurring most often on areas of skin that are exposed to the sun • Presents as a slightly elevated nodule with a depression or ulceration in the center that becomes more obvious as the tumor grows

21. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell • Pronounced • (car-sih-NOH-mah SKWAY-mus sell ) • Defined • Malignancy of the squamous, or scalelike, cells of the epithelial tissue • Much faster growing than basal cell carcinoma • Greater potential for metastasis if not treated

22. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell • Frequent sites on sun-exposed areas • Top of nose • Forehead • Margin of external ear • Back of hands • Lower lip

23. Dermatitis • Pronounced • (der-mah-TYE-tis) • Defined • Inflammation of skin, seen in several different forms • Acute or chronic • Contact or seborrheic

24. Eczema • Pronounced • (EK-zeh-mah) • Defined • Acute or chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, scabs, and itching

25. Exanthematous Viral Diseases • Pronounced • (eks-an-THEM-ah-tus viral diseases) • Defined • Skin eruption or rash accompanied by inflammation, having specific diagnostic features of an infectious viral disease

26. Exanthematous Viral Diseases • Examples: • Rubella= German Measles= 3 day measles • Roseola Infantum • Rubeola= Red Measles= 7-10 day measles • Erythema Infectiosum= Fifth disease

27. Gangrene • Pronounced • (GANG-green) • Defined • Tissue death due to loss of adequate blood supply, invasion of bacteria, subsequent decay with foul odor

28. Herpes Zoster • Pronounced • (HER-peez ZOS-ter) • Defined • Acute viral infection, characterized by painful, vesicular eruptions on the skin that follow along nerve pathways of underlying spinal or cranial nerves • Highest incidence in adults over 50

29. Herpes Zoster Image courtesy of Robert A. Silverman, M.D., Pediatric Dermatology, Georgetown University

30. Impetigo • Pronounced • (Im-peh-TYE-goh) • Defined • Contagious superficial skin infection characterized by serous vesicles and pustules filled with millions of staphylococcus or streptococcus bacteria • Usually forming on the face