1. Chapter 4: Ancient Greece Study Guide

2. Mountains Seacoast • ____________ and the ________ influenced Greek history. • _______________________________ helped create fiercely independent city states. • ___________ the first Greek city-state. • ____________ Period after the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization. • _____________ Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey Physical Geography of Greece Mycenae Dark Ages Epic Poems

3. Polis city-state, the focus of Greek life. • Acropolisin early Greek city-states, a fortified gathering place at the top of a hill that was sometimes the site of temples and public buildings. • Agorain early Greek city-states, an open area that served as a gathering place and as a market • Hoplitesheavily armed foot soldiers or infantrymen. • Spartaa military state focused on the art of war.

4. Oligarchythe type of government that Sparta had, means “rule by a few” • Cleisthenes created foundation of democracy for Athens • tyranta ruler who seized power in ancient Greece by force. • The end of tyranny led to the development of democracy. • The threat from Persia brought Sparta and Athens together as allies. • Sparta won the Peloponnesian war.

5. Peloponnesian War • ____________________ blinded the Greek city states to the threat from Macedonia • _____ chief god and father of the gods. • ________________ Where the God’s lived • ___________ He wrote the History of the Persian Wars which is widely considered the first real history in western civilization. • ____________ considered greatest historian of the ancient world. Zeus Mount Olympus Herodotus Thucydides

6. Philosophyan organized system of thought. • SocratesPhilosopher that believed in self-examination • Alexander the GreatHis conquests led to the Hellenistic Era, an age that saw the expansion of the Greek language and Greek ideas to the non-Greek world.

7. Eratosthenes This astronomer determined that the world was round and measured the earth’s circumference relatively close to its actual size. • Stoicismhappiness could only be found when people gained inner peace by living in harmony with the will of God. • Archimedes associated with the concept of pi. • Aristarchus of Samosa Hellenistic astronomer

8. Essay • How did Greek tyrants gain and keep their power? What led to their demise by the end of the sixth century B.C.? • What led to the Great Peloponnesian War? How did it end? • Explain the astronomer Aristarchus’s theory about the Earth and the sun. What was the prevailing view? • Explain Homer’s influence on Greek civilization. • Explain the spread of Greek culture into Southwest Asia during the Hellenistic Era.