3000 BCE to 332 BCE. Ancient Egypt. Ancient Egypt. app. 10,000 sq. miles the same as Sumer and Akkad radically different in shape a ribbon of fertile land 600 miles long half a dozen miles wide for most of its length compared to 165 miles in Mesopotamia. Nile and Egypt DBQ.
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Ancient Egypt • app. 10,000 sq. miles • the same as Sumer and Akkad • radically different in shape • a ribbon of fertile land 600 miles long • half a dozen miles wide for most of its length • compared to 165 miles in Mesopotamia
Nile and Egypt DBQ • The Nile River Shaped the Egyptian culture. • List ways that the Nile shaped Egyptian culture and what document you got this info Example: The way the Nile shaped the culture (Doc 5)
Comparison and Contrast with Babylon • profound differences • because of environmental conditions • Mesopotamia: open to invasion • Egypt: isolated by geography
Different Perspectives • Mesopotamians: pessimistic • life is unpredictable, their gods unstable, their afterlife indistinct and undesirable • Egyptian religion inspired confidence • in the eternal, stable order of the universe
Different Perspectives, con’t • divinely guided, rhythmic cycle of life and death • and belief in a final, eternal bliss
Sculpture • early and sophisticated development • human figures and archicectural forms • led to great expertise in painting and other representational arts
Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt • There is conflicting historical evidence over who united Upper and Lower Egypt. Some evidence points to a king called Scorpion. More solid evidence points to a king named Narmer. (also known as Menes) c. 3050 B. C. E. ?
Kings and Queens of Egypt • Pharaoh: link between the gods and people • Pharaoh: divine • his rule eternal and absolute • Egypt was not just ruled for the gods but by a god
Distinctions ? • human vs. divine ?? • They could tell the difference • in practice: whoever held the throne was divine • including: women, foreigners, commoners
The Pharaoh • shed his impermanent and human status • assumed the eternal and unchangeable divine status • became the embodiment of the divine • led a divinely unified Egyptian state
Egyptian Religion • each city had its patron deity • emergence of national government caused some to be more important • as dynasties changed, the primary gods changed • why??
Examples • Memphis: Ptah • later, as the center of power changed, Re/Ra • or Horus • etc.
Horus • Horus is the son of the god Osiris • Born of a virgin • Baptized in a river by Anup the Baptizer • Who was later beheaded • Horus was tempted while alone in a desert • Healed the sick and the blind • Cast out demons
Horus continued • Walked on water • Resurrected “Asar” from the dead. • This translates to “Lazurus” • Had 12 disciples • Was crucified • After 3 days two women announced that Horus, the savior of humanity has risen from the dead
Early Creation Story • Atum • primeval mound of mud (Annual inundation of the Nile?) • godly masturbation (How do you get a date when there is nobody there but you?) • generation of the gods
Egyptian Mummies Ramses II1279-1212 B. C. E. Seti I1291-1278 B. C. E. Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II1210-1200 B. C. E.
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