GHSGT TUTORIAL

1. GHSGT TUTORIAL US HISTORY 1492 - 1877

2. U.S. HISTORY Objectives1492 - 1877 • US.1 - Identify and describe the native inhabitants the Europeans found in the New World • US.2 - Identify the factors that lead to the colonization of the continent of North America • US.3 - Identify and analyze the social, political, religious, and economic patterns that developed in the American colonies • US.4 – Explain the causes of the American Revolution • US.5 - Identify and analyze the Declaration of Independence • US.6 – Describe the major events of the Revolutionary War & key people • US.7 – Discuss the limitations of the Articles of Confederation and the reasons for calling of the Constitutional Convention • US.8 – Summarize the debates and resulting compromises of the Constitutional Convention • US.9 – Identify the Bill of Rights as the first 10 amendments to the Constitution and states their importance • US.10 – Explain the importance of Washington’s & John Adams’ administration

3. U.S. HISTORY Objectives • US.11- Trace and describe the growth of a nation • US.12 – Identify and examine the industrial and transportation improvements from 1820 to 1860 • US.13 – Trace the development of political parties in the U.S. • US.14 - Examine the concept “Manifest Destiny” as it applies to U.S. History between 1830-1860 • US.15 - Identify the intellectual, cultural and social movements between 1830 – 1860 • US.16 – Identify and analyze the causes and events leading to the Civil War • US.17 – Discuss and analyze reasons for the military defeat of the Confederacy • US.18 – Analyze the social, political, and economic results of the Civil War and Reconstruction

4. US.1 Identifies and describes the native inhabitants the Europeans found in the New World. • The native inhabitants encountered by the Europeans who came to the New World belonged to a number of culture groups with distinct characteristics. • There were three great early empires • Mayas and 2. Aztecs of North and Central America and the • Incas of South America. • Other North American cultures: • Eskimo, Northwest Coast • Great Basin Indians of the Northwest • Anasazi and Pueblo who peopled the desert areas • semi-nomadic peoples of the Great Plains (Osage, Missouri, Omaha, Kansas, Iowa, Wichita, Mandan, Pawnee, Blackfoot, Crow, Comanche, Kiowa, Apache) • the Algonquian, Iroquois, and Muskogean of the Eastern Woodlands • Southeastern groups of the Eastern Woodlands, which included the Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choctaws, Creeks, and Seminoles.

5. REASONS FOR COLONIZATION 1. Colonies provided a good source of raw materials (such as cotton) to be manufactured into goods, 2. Colonies provide a closed market for the colonizing nation’s manufactured goods 3.Colonies provide opportunity for investment. 4. A colonizing nation could conquer a civilization and take its riches. 5. A colonizing nation could take mineral resources, like silver, gold and copper from the colony.

6. Europeans’ Motives for Colonization • Rise of nation-states led to competition expressed through trade. • Trade created conflict involving rivalry for markets and exploitation of human and natural resources. • Trade was based on mercantilism, the dominant economic theory of 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries in Europe. • Wealth was measured in gold and silver. • A country would increase its wealth by acquiring colonies and natural resources.

7. Religion • Roman Catholics from Spain, Portugal and France sought converts to Catholicism. 2. Some Protestants fled to the New World to escape religious persecution at home. a. The Pilgrims and Puritans founded the Plymouth Colony (1620) and Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630) to practice their religion without interference from the royal government in England • Religious freedom • Puritans persecuted for rebelling against the Church of England • Felt Church of England had not completed the work of the Reformation and was still too close to Roman Catholicism b. Later, the Quakers came to Pennsylvania and Catholics settled in Maryland for the same reasons.

8. Plymouth colony was settled by separatists from the Church of England who wanted to avoid — a. paying taxes b. religious persecution c. praying in schools d. the king and queen

9. Settlers in Pennsylvania who wanted to have freedom to practice their faith without interference were called — a. Quakers b. Pilgrims c. Puritans d. Debtors

10. Which state was settled by people who had been in debtor’s prisons in England? a. Massachusetts b. Maryland c. Virginia d. Georgia

11. Roanoke Island became known as — a. “The Lost Colony” b. “The Money-Maker” c. “The Profit Colony” d. “The Venture Colony”

12. Which was the first permanent English settlement in North America? a. Roanoke Island b. Jamestown c. Plymouth d. Saint Augustine

13. Who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony? a. Quakers b. Puritans c. The Virginia Company d. People who had been in debtor’s prisons

14. Who settled Plymouth colony? a. The Virginia Company b. Separatists from the Church of England c. Quakers d. People from debtor’s prisons in England

15. Geographical features divided the colonies into which of the following regions? a. They were all considered one region b. North and South c. New England, Mid-Atlantic, and the South d. New England, Mid-Atlantic, Blue Ridge, and the South

16. Which region includes the Appalachian Mountains, Atlantic Coastal Plain, and the Piedmont? a. New England b. Mid-Atlantic c. Blue Ridge d. The South

17. Many colonists came as indentured servants – A colonial landowner paid for their passage, and the arrival promised to work on the landowners’ plantation or farm, usually for seven years. Once the debt was paid off, these “servants” obtained freedom and began saving to buy land of their own.

18. What is an indentured servant? a. A slave b. A person who agreed to work without pay in exchange for passage to the New World c. A person who signed away years of their lives in exchange for a slave d. A person captured in Africa and sold to slave-traders

19. What geographic features describe New England? a. Appalachian Mountains, Boston harbor, hilly terrain, rocky soil, jagged coastline b. Appalachian Mountains, coastal lowlands, rich farmlands c. Appalachian Mountains, Piedmont, Atlantic Coastal Plain, good harbors, rivers d. Appalachian Mountains, Blue Ridge Mountains, Rocky Mountains

20. THE THIRTEEN COLONIES NEW ENGLAND COLONIES MIDDLE COLONIES SOUTHERN COLONIES Rhode IslandNew YorkVirginia MassachusettsPennsylvania Georgia New Hampshire Delaware North Carolina Connecticut New Jersey Maryland South Carolina

21. England wanted to establish a colony in the New World in order to A. increase her wealth and power B. find silver and gold in America C. furnish raw materials that could not be grown or obtained in England D. All of the above Who financed the settlement of Jamestown? A. The Virginia Company of London B. King James I C. Queen Elizabeth II D. Captain John Smith King James I granted a charter to the Virginia Company of London so that they could A. find jobs and make money B. colonize in North America C. build ships in England D. all of the above

22. The settlers chose the site for Jamestown because A. They believed they had a good supply of fresh water B. The water along the shore was deep enough for ships to dock C. The location could be easily defended from attack by sea (Spanish) D. All of the above The arrival of African Americans in Jamestown colony expanded the economy of A. Fruit B. Wheat C. Corn D. Tobacco Jamestown colony was established in May 1607. The colony formed a general assembly named the House of Burgesses in 1619. It was the first government or legislative body in the New World.

23. Mercantilism As a result of the Age of Exploration, trade grew between Europe and other parts of the world. The leading countries Europe soon found themselves competing for control of world trade routes. Trade meant money and money meant power. A system call “mercantilism” developed in which kings tried to increase their country’s exports while decreasing imports. Exports were goods sold to other countries. imports were goods bought from other countries.

24. ? #3 What role did the colonies serve in the policy of mercantilism? A. The colonies would receive raw materials from the mother country in order to produce finished goods. B. The colonies could supply raw materials to the mother country while serving as a market for finished products. C. The colonies and the mother country would openly compete for economic markets in order to keep down prices of goods. D. Industries could be developed in the colonies so more land would be available for agriculture in the mother country.

25. Effects of colonization on Native Americans • Spanish founded “colonies of exploitation” to export wealth from the people of the land. • French main interest in North America was trading animal furs. Native Americans provided the furs and were considered valuable trading partners. No need to conquer them. • Englishfounded “colonies of settlement” where settlers tried to establish English society in the New World. They viewed the Native Americans as an obstacle to progress, inferior, and a nuisance.

26. Which most interested the French in the New World colonies? A. gold and silver mining B. fur trapping C. tobacco farming D. whaling and fishing

27. European treatment of Native Americans varied • The treatment of the native inhabitants by the Europeans varied. • The Spanish policy of "conquer and enslave" virtually wiped out the native population in Central and South America • The early English settlers generally maintained good relations with the Native Americans until the influx of settlers pushed the Native Americans off their lands. • Native inhabitants of the New World very often taught Europeansvaluable lessons in survival and made contributions to fields such as agriculture and transportation, enabling settlements to expand and prosper.

28. ??? #1 Which is the most likely explanation for the fact that the Northwest Coast Indians used wood as their primary building material? A. Wood had religious significance. B. Wood homes symbolized wealth in the tribe. C. They lived in a forest environment. D. It was cheaper than other building materials.

29. US.2 Identify the factors that led to the colonization of the continent of North America • National rivalry • religious conflict • economic opportunity • political unrest

30. Europeans’ Motives for Colonization • Rise of nation-states led to competition expressed through trade. • Trade created conflict involving rivalry for markets and exploitation of human and natural resources. • Trade was based on mercantilism, the dominant economic theory of 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries in Europe. • Wealth was measured in gold and silver. • A country would increase its wealth by acquiring colonies and natural resources.

31. Reasons for European Colonization • Economic – Need for raw materials, investment, conquer a nation, subdue its people, take its wealth, and take the natural resources from the colony. • Strategic – Colonies protected trade routes. • Religious – Roman Catholic converts, Protestants fled to New World to escape religious persecution at home.

32. European Nations compete for colonies in North America • When Spain’s power declined, the Netherlands,France and England all entered the competition for colonies.

33. Colonial Life and Revolution

34. 1607 - Jamestown founded • Raleigh’s business partners formed a joint-stockcompany(private company that sells shares to investors) called the Virginia company. • He obtained a charter from the King to establish a commercial (for profit) colony. • This was the first successful English colony in America but not without difficulty.

35. Jamestown, Virginia

36. Religious & Political Freedom in the Plymouth Colony • In 1620 settlers from England arrived in Massachusetts. They came seeking religious freedom more than economic opportunity. • Called Puritans because they believed the Church of England needed to be “purified” of anything that was not in the Bible. • The Pilgrimsarrived in the New World aboard the Mayflower where they drafted an agreement known as the MayflowerCompact. It provided that all the men who signed would follow the laws established by the majority.

37. The Plymouth Colony 1620

38. Puritans • Under this agreement the group established the PlymouthColonyand were helped to survive during the first harsh winter by Native Americans. • Celebrated the first Thanksgivingtogether. • Puritans held townmeetingsat which all male residents could speak. Important to development of democracy in America. Only male members of the Puritan church and property owners could participate. Banished other people who disagreed with them.

39. Climate determined the Economy • Southern Colonies – Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. Each divided into large pieces of land called plantations. Land owner grew cashcrops(crops grown only for sale) like tobacco, rice and indigo (color dye). Required a large labor force of indentured servants and slaves. • New England Colonies– Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Rhode Island. Organized around small towns. Family owned small farms. Limited food production called subsistencefarming. Small shops, industries – fishing, lumbering and shipbuilding. • Middle Colonies– Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania. Diverse population and rich farmland. Mixeed economy based on agriculture & industries.

40. Puritan Dissenters Banished • RogerWilliamsdisagreed and felt all religions should be tolerated. He was banished from Plymouth Colony and established Rhode Island where people could enjoy religious freedom. • AnneHutchinson was also banished. She joined Williams in Rhode Island and later moved to Connecticut where she died at the hands of Native Americans.

41. ??? #4 What was a distinctive feature of the colony of Rhode Island, founded by Roger Williams? A. harsh treatment of Native Americans B. banning of Native Americans and Jews C. enforced church attendance D. toleration of different religions

42. ??? #5 In what way were the House of Burgesses and the New England town meetings similar? A. Both originated in the New England states. B. They were free from vetoes by colonial governors. C. They were first started by the British Parliament. D. Both represented colonists' participation in government.

43. Colonies attempt to organize as the spirit of independence grows Albany Congress – 1754 • BenjaminFranklinproposed a new form of government for the colonies. • His plan recommended that each colony send delegates to a colonial assembly. • His idea was rejected by the colonial assemblies • Colonial leaders feared it made them give up too much local power.

44. Tensionsgrow… • FrenchandIndianWar – (1754-1763) European wars spread to North America between France and England. • When France surrendered and signed the TreatyofParis (1763) it lost all of its land claims in North America. • Spain received the Louisiana territory from France for its support during the war.

45. Explains the causes of the American Revolution (1763-1775) • After the French and Indian War, the British attempted to tighten their connection with the colonies. • Between 1763 and 1776, King George III and the British Parliament issued a series of laws designed to increase the profitability of the colonies. • One reason for this was the need to pay the costs of the war. Whereas the colonists had accepted Parliament's power to regulate trade, they objected to Parliament's new assertion of authority to raise revenue. • As British citizens, they believed that without the approval of the colonial legislatures, such taxation violated their rights as Englishmen. • By ignoring their objections, King George and the British Parliament prepared the way to a war for independence.

46. Taxation without Representation(….tensions grows & grows) • Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty were radicals who wanted to be free of British control. • They organized CommitteesofCorrespondence in each colony to spread ideas of independence and to boycott British goods. • Parliament repealed the Stamp Act and established the TownshendActs which put a tax on many imported items. • Angry mobs attacked British custom officials.

47. Trouble in Boston….tensions grow • BostonMassacre – March 5, 1770 • Colonists in Boston regularly insulted British troops who enforced the Townshend Acts. • In March 1770 things came to a head when a soldier opened fire. • Five were killed including CrispusAttucks, a free black sailor, active in the Sons of Liberty. • Because of colonial unrest the British removed all taxes except the tax on tea. Colonists boycotted the tea. • BOSTON TEA PARTY – Dec. 1770 • SamuelAdams and other Sons of Liberty dressed up as Indians, boarded the ships with tea, and dumped 45 tons of tea into the Boston Harbor.

48. US.6 Identifies and analyzes the Declaration of Independence • The United States began functioning as an independent nation following the publication of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. • It explained and justified the reasons and purposes for severing ties with Great Britain. • It stated that "all men are created equal" and "endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights." • It expressed the idea that the people were the fundamental source of power and stated that if any government infringed upon the rights of the people, then that government should be replaced by the people.

49. Thomas Paine • King’s policies angered the colonists. The writings of Thomas Paine inspired them. • Anonymously published a 50 page pamphlet called “Common Sense”. • Argued that colonists should declare independence and form their own republican government. • Pamphlet energized the demand for independence.

50. ??? #6 According to the Declaration of Independence, if a government fails to fulfill its obligations, the people have the right to A. go back to being British subjects. B. abolish that government and establish a new one. C. imprison government officials and try them for treason. D. ask other nations to come in and take over the government.