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The Atom!

The Atom!. Unit 4, Chapter 4. Click to see more pictures of the atom. And the UNIT Essential Question is…. What is the structure of the atom?. Magic Color!. I. The Atom. But first!. Let’s fill in the K and the D on our KDOh ! (save the Oh for later…).

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The Atom!

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  1. The Atom! Unit 4, Chapter 4 Click to see more pictures of the atom

  2. And the UNIT Essential Question is… What is the structure of the atom? Magic Color!

  3. I.The Atom But first! Let’s fill in the K and the D on our KDOh! (save the Oh for later…) K D Oh! What do you Know about Draw an Oxygen Atom Oh, that’s what it should An oxygen atom? look like. Fill this in now Fill this in now Fill this in later

  4. Bonus info: A proton is believed to be made of 3 quarks II.The Structure of the Atom A. Protons (p+) 1. Are located in the nucleus of the atom 2. Have a charge of +1 3. Have a mass of one atomic mass unit (AMU) 4.Identifies the element!!!!! 2 Up &1 Down Essential question: What are the parts of the atom? Images from education.jlab.org

  5. 1 1836 3. Have a mass of AMU 0.0005 amu B. Electrons (e-) 1. Are located in the electron cloud 2. Have a charge of -1 0 AMU Isn’t she cute? Freaky Fact! Essential question: What are the parts of the atom? Images from education.jlab.org

  6. Bonus info: A neutron is believed to be made of 3 quarks C. Neutrons (no) 1. Are located in the nucleus of the atom 2. Have no charge 3. Have a mass of 1 AMU Essential question: What are the parts of the atom? Images from education.jlab.org

  7. D.Isotopes of Atoms A. All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons, they never change for THAT element. B. The number of Neutrons varies for each element. That’s why we have an average mass. C.Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons Essential question: What are the different forms an atom can take?

  8. atomic number mass number III.Gathering Information on an Element A. Using the periodic table atomic number- the number of protons in the nucleus Mass number- average mass of the element as it occurs in nature Essential question: What are the number of subatomic particles in a given element?

  9. Why is the atomic mass shown as a decimal? • - On the average, the typical American family has 1.86 (17/8)children. • HOW CAN YOU HAVE 7/8 OF A KID? • - So to say that Chlorine has an atomic mass of 35.453, doesn’t mean that it has 17 protons and 18.453 Neutrons

  10. 36 39 34 35 33 36 35 34 37 35 + What is the average mass of Cl? Here is why… 354 = 35.4 10 Suppose we look at 10 Isotopes of Chlorine and record the mass number of each. 354

  11. Cl 17 Chlorine 35.453 B. Processing the information Protons:The number of protons in an element is equal to the atomic number Chorine has 17 protons Electrons:The number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to the number of protons Chorine has 17 electrons Neutrons:The number of neutrons in an atom is equal to the mass number minus atomic number 35 – 17 = 18 Chlorine has 18 neutrons Essential question: What are the number of subatomic particles in a given element?

  12. Zr 40 Zirconium 91.224 Protons: 40 Electrons: 40 Neutrons: 91 – 40 = 51 Essential question: What are the number of subatomic particles in a given element?

  13. Lets practice! Complete the Subatomic Particle Worksheet #1

  14. IV. How to Draw an Atom • Electrons reside in energy levels. • We will only deal with levels 1-4 • Electrons fill the closest energy level first, then fill the second, then the third…… Think of it like a parking garage

  15. lowest energy higher energy highest energy Here is how it works… • 1st energy level holds 2 e-. • 2nd energy level holds 8 e- • 3rd energy level holds 18 e- • 4th energy level holds 32 e-

  16. Go back to you’re K D Oh How many e- are in Oxygen? Re-draw your oxygen atom with 2 energy levels. - Show how many p+ and no are in the nucleus.

  17. Oh, that’s what Oxygen looks like….. • 1st energy level holds 2 e-. • 2nd energy level holds 6 e- 8p+ 8no lowest energy higher energy

  18. Keeping it Sharp Students (KISS) • Can an atom of Li have 4 protons? • If it did, what would we call it? • Can an atom of Li have 3 neutrons? • If it did, what would we call it? • How many e- can be in the 2nd energy level? • How many e- are in the 2nd energy level of Be? • Can an atom of Li have 2 e-?

  19. Keep your I O N the electron

  20. V.Ions of Atoms A. electrons are lost or gained by an atom. B.An ion can be negative or positive A negative ion has gained electrons A positive ion has lost electrons oxygen atom, O oxygen ion, O-2 calcium atom, Ca calcium ion, Ca+2 p+ = 8 e- = 8 p+ = 8 e- = 10 p+ = 20 e- = 20 p+ = 20 e- = 18 No net charge (neutral) -2 charge No net charge (neutral) +2 charge Essential question: What are the different forms an atom can take?

  21. O 2- Let’s look at Oxygen… - Oxygen will often take electrons from another atom to bond with it. - When bonding with Mg, it will take 2 e- from it to make MgO. • Oxygen has gained 2 e-, making it an Oxygen Ion. • It now has: • 8 p+ • 8 no • 10 e- 8p+ 8no +8 +0 -10 -2 lowest energy higher energy

  22. Lets practice Ions! Complete the Subatomic Particle Worksheet #2

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