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The structure of an Atom

The structure of an Atom. The basic parts of an atom includes; Neutrons Protons Electrons (mass is negligible). 99% of the total mass of an atom is found within the nucleus, the core, of the atom. The structure of an atom. Sketch a picture of the atom on your foldable.

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The structure of an Atom

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  1. The structure of an Atom The basic parts of an atom includes; • Neutrons • Protons • Electrons (mass is negligible). 99% of the total mass of an atom is found within the nucleus, the core, of the atom

  2. The structure of an atom Sketch a picture of the atom on your foldable

  3. The Parts of An Atom • Nucleus: The positively charged center of an atom that contains protons (+) and neutrons (0). 99% of the total mass of an atom is found in the nucleus. • Protons: A positively(+) charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom. • Neutrons: A neutral (0) particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

  4. A.P.E.M.A.N. • A: atomic # Equals the # of • P: protons: Equals the # of • E: electrons: Are All Equal Therefore; Argon has 18 protons, 18 electrons, and atomic number of 18

  5. Number of Neutrons • To calculate the number of neutrons that an atom of an element has subtract the atomic number (smaller number) from the atomic mass or atomic weight (larger number).

  6. M.A.N. • (Mass #) – (Atomic #) = (# of Neutrons)

  7. Warm Up • What are groups on the periodic table? In what direction do they run • What are periods on the periodic table? In what direction do they run

  8. 18 Ar 39.948 Determine the following; # of Protons # of Neutrons # of Electrons Element Name Quiz

  9. Energy Levels/Orbitals • An electron orbital is a region in an atom, outside of the nucleus, where there is a high probability of finding electrons.

  10. Warm Up • What is the formula for e- distribution? • What is the maximum number of e-’s that can be held in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th orbital hold?

  11. Electron Distribution • The electrons are distributed to electron orbitals starting with the most inner orbital 1st. • Each orbital can only take a certain number of electrons. After the orbital has received its’ capacity start filling the next orbital. • The electron distribution formula is 2n2. N is the given orbital

  12. Electron Energy • The closer the electron is to the nucleus the less energy it has. • The further the electron is from the nucleus the more energy it has. • The most outer shell is referred to as the valence shell.

  13. Warm Up • An element has a nucleus that contains 9 protons, 10 neutrons, and 9 electrons. This is an atom of ? • An element has a nucleus that contains 12 protons, 12 neutrons, and 12 electrons. This is an atom of? • Locate and review your colored periodic table (it was homework)

  14. Warm Up • An element has a nucleus that contains 9 protons, 10 neutrons, and 9 electrons. This is an atom of ? • An element has a nucleus that contains 12 protons, 12 neutrons, and 12 electrons. This is an atom of? • Locate and review your colored periodic table (it was homework)

  15. Warm Up: Complete the chart

  16. VENN DIAGRAMS Due Today ! Create a VENN diagram that lists at least three things that are unique and three things that are common for each of the following: • Groups vs. Periods(think about atomic structure) • Valence Shell e-s vs. Inner Shell e-s(see notes and textbook) • Group 1A Elements Reactivity vs. Group 8A Reactivity(see notes) • Anions vs. Cations(see notes and textbook)

  17. Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Halogens Noble Gases 7A 2A 8A 1A Family Quiz Directions: Match the given groups with their proper family

  18. Answers • Groups are the vertical columns of the periodic table. Groups run up and down. There are groups with A coding and Groups with B coding Periods are the horizontal rows found on the periodic table. Periods run left to right. There are 7 periods.

  19. Warm Up Draw Atom • Draw atoms for the elements with atomic numbers (3,11)(6,14)(9,17) (10 and 18). (Be sure to place the neutrons, electrons, and protons) Questions • What is the relationship between the valence shell electrons and the group? • What is the relationship between the period and the number of orbitals? • What happens to the size of the atom as you go down a group?

  20. The Period and the e- orbital • The number of orbitals that a neutral atom of a given element has is equal to the period in which the element is located.

  21. Isotope • An isotope is a atom of a given element that has a different number of neutrons

  22. Mole • A mole is a quantity much like a dozen is a quantity. • One mole has 6.02 x 10 23 atoms in it. • 6.02 x 10 23 is known as Avagodro’s Number

  23. Groups and Valence Shell e-’s • The number of electrons found in the most outer shell, the valence shell, is equal to the group in which the element is found.

  24. Periodic TableWarm-Up Draw a Bohr model of an atom for an element from each of the 7 groups. Be sure that the element has an atomic mass of 1-20

  25. The Periodic Table • The periodic table has 18 groups if you where to count from the left to the right and include all possible groups. • If you were to exclude the transition metals there are 8 groups that are typically numbered using roman numerals and the letter a

  26. Homework: Color code the following groups on your periodic table. Group Family 1A Alkali Metals 2A Alkaline Earth Metals 3B-2B (d-Block) Transition Elements 3A … Metalloids 7A Halogens 8A Noble Gases http://www.dayah.com/periodic/

  27. Class Assignment • Use a Venn Diagram to differentiate at least three of the following; • Group 1A Elements vs. Group 8A Elements (Atomic Structure and Reactivity) • Groups vs. Period and Atomic Structure

  28. Warm Up Identify the given elements: • The element located in period 3 and group 4 • The element located in period 2 and in the Halogen family • The element located in period 2 and the Noble Gas family

  29. The Octet Rule • The octet rule says that atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons so as to have eight electrons in their outer electron shell. All atoms want to have a complete outer shell.

  30. Warm Up • Draw a Bohr Model of an atom for an element with the atomic number (1-20) found in group 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, and 8A

  31. Ionization • Ionization is the process of an atom gaining or losing outer shell electrons in an attempt to satisfy the octet rule

  32. Ionization • Ionization is the process of an atom gaining or losing electrons from its’ valence shell. • If an atom gains electrons in its valence shell the atom becomes an anion and carries an overall negative charge. • If an atom loses electrons from its outer shell it becomes a cation and carries an overall positive charge.

  33. Types of Ions • Cation: Results from an atom losing electrons the resulting atom will have a (+) charge • Anion: Results from an atom gaining electrons the resulting atom will have a (-)charge

  34. Ionization State • To determine the oxidation number for a given atom of a element follow the listed rules • For groups 1A-4A their oxidation numbers are the same as their group numbers • For groups 5A-8A subtract 8 from the group number. (see board for example).

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