The United States and WWI

1. The United States and WWI

2. Before you begin… • Make sure you remember to have your PowerPoint note packet, textbook, and paper to answer additional questions you will see throughout the presentation. • There will be length requirements under each question to help guide your writing. (Ex: 2 sentences, 3 paragraphs) • View the presentation in slideshow mode to catch animation and hidden information!!! • Read carefully and take good notes. Enjoy.

3. Causes of the War M Militarism A Alliances I Imperialism N Nationalism

4. Militarism

6. Alliances By 1914 all the major powers were linked by a system of alliances. The alliances made it more likely that a war would start. Once started, the alliances made it more likely that it would spread. A close association of nations or other groups, formed to advance common interests or causes. What is an alliance?

7. Germany Italy Austria-Hungary Great Britain France Russia Alliances Triple Alliance Triple Entente

8. Imperialism • All the great powers were competing for colonies/territories around the world to claim as their own. • The British feared that Germany would expand into Africa. • The Austrians feared Serbia and Russia would expand into the Balkans.

9. Nationalism • Defined as... • Devotion to the interests or culture of one's nation. • The belief that nations will benefit from acting independently rather than collectively, emphasizing national rather than international goals. • Political or social philosophy in which the welfare of the nation-state is considered paramount. • A collective state of mind or consciousness in which people believe their primary duty and loyalty is to the nation-state. • Often nationalism implies national superiority and glorifies various national virtues. Thus love of nation may be overemphasized; concern with national self-interest to the exclusion of the rights of other nations may lead to international conflict.

10. Question 1 • If so many nations are connected through alliances in Europe at this time, what do you think will happen if there is a conflict between any two nations? How could the other causes intensify this conflict? • (2 paragraphs)

11. The Spark The SPARK of WAR (June 28, 1914) • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand • Next in line for the throne of Austria Hungary is killed by a Serbian terrorist group known as the Black Hand. • Group sought to reunite Bosnia with the independent nation of Serbia to form a large Slavic state on the southern border of Austria-Hungary.

12. On the Way to World War Declares War Once Austria-Hungary had assurance of German support, it made HARSH demands on Serbia. • Austria Serbia • Russia and France Austria Hungary • Germany Russia and France • Germany Belgium • Britain Germany Declares War Declares War Invades Declares War

13. The Start of WWI

15. Failure of the Schlieffen Plan ASSUMPTIONS WERE WRONG...DEAD WRONG! 1. Resistance in Belgium Invasion of Belgium 2. France holds line near Paris 3. Russians mobilized QUICKLY! 4. Britain declares war on Germany

16. Question 2 • What German assumptions caused the Schlieffen Plan to fail? • (1 paragraph)

17. Austria-Hungary Germany Turkey Bulgaria Great Britain France Russia Japan Italy (1915) United States (1917) Choosing Sides Central Powers Allied Powers VS. As alliances begin to call nations to war, each nation must decide which side it will support or declare neutrality.

19. Question 3 • What do you notice about the location of the Axis Powers in reference to the Allied Powers? • (1 or 2 sentences)

20. Neutral, But Not Impartial • Wilson called for the US to be “Neutral in facts as well as in name, impartial in thought as well as in action”. • Americans were unable to “be” neutral and in fact did select a side to support. Most Americans favored the Allies over the Central Powers. • Propaganda was used by both sides to influence public opinion. • Allied propaganda was more effective because it convinced Americans that the Allies were fighting to defend more than politics, but civilization itself.

21. Supplying the Allies Neutrality stopped when $$$ came into the picture!! Although the US supplied materials to both sides, it supplied MUCH more to the Allies. Overall the increase in trade greatly helped “neutral” America. This is a $4 BILLION increase

22. Question 4 • How was trade a telling sign for whom the United States would support in the Great War, while staying officially, “neutral?” • (1 paragraph)

23. “Important” WWI Battles Tannenberg Marne Verdun Jutland Somme St. Mihiel

24. Tannenberg

25. Marne

26. Verdun

27. Jutland

28. Somme Over 1 million deaths

29. St. Mihiel

30. A New Type of Combat: The Cause and Effect of Technological Innovations

31. Question 5 • Advancements in technology and trench warfare created what effects during the Great War? • (1 paragraph)

32. Trench Warfare

36. TRENCH FOOT

37. Poison Gas

38. Why does the US stop being neutral? • Zimmerman Telegram • Lusitania • Ties to Britain

39. Zimmerman Telegram

43. Propaganda to Win Support

44. The US entry into WWI

45. Question 6 • Using the powerpoint presentation, textbook, or internet:Describe the events of the Lusitania and Zimmerman Telegram, • and the effect they had on US opinion of entering the war. • (3-5 paragraphs)

46. On the Home Front • In order to collect a large fighting force, Congress passed Selective Service Act in 1917. • Men between 21-31 must register for military. (24 million total) • 3 million called, by 1918, 4.8 million in services

47. The Cost of War The cost of war was pushed to the taxpayer. 1. Increase in taxes 2. Liberty and Victory loans (Government Bonds)

48. Government taking control at home Government takes over the RR, telegraph, telephone.. War Industries Board • Bernard Baruch • decide what goods to be produced Council of Defense • Food Administration • Herbert Hoover • “War gardens”

49. Effects on the Work Force Women African-Americans Farmers Unions

50. Question 7 • Using your text: What effects did the war bring to the following groups: • African Americans, women, farmers, unions • (3-4 paragraphs)