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What is Meiosis?

Meiosis is a special form of cell division that produces gametes—sex cells with half the normal chromosome number, critical for sexual reproduction. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes from each parent pair up, resulting in genetic diversity through processes like crossing over. The chromosome structure can be analyzed through karyotypes, revealing gender and potential chromosomal disorders such as Turner Syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome, and Down Syndrome. This process is vital in understanding haploid and diploid cells, and the genetic information passed from parents, contributing to the unique genome of individuals.

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What is Meiosis?

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  1. What is Meiosis?

  2. -Cell division to form sex cells where the offspring inherits genes from both parents

  3. What are homologous chromosomes?

  4. One chromosome lined up from each parent – there are 23 pairs of these

  5. WHAT ARE SEX CELLS?

  6. GAMETES: They have half the normal number of chromosomes for that particular species (haploid – 23 chromosomes in humans)

  7. What is a Karyotype?

  8. chromosomes of an individual are lined up as pairs from the largest to the smallest – tells about an individual’s sex and any chromosomal disorders

  9. What do the chromosomes of males and females look like?

  10. XY – maleXX female23rd pair of chromosomes

  11. Name 3 different types of disorders caused by meiosis complications

  12. 1- Turner Syndrome – missing an X chromosome (affects girls)2 – Klinefelter Syndrome - additional X chromosome (affects boys)3-Down Syndrome – extra 21st chromosome (boys + girls)

  13. What is an Allele?

  14. Both mom and dad donate this TRAIT to their offspring

  15. What is the difference between haploid and diploid?

  16. Haploid = half the genetic information (sex cell) Diploid = double the genetic information when 2 haploid cells join to form a ZYGOTE

  17. What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

  18. 2 identical vs. 4 different daughter cells, haploid vs diploid genetic info

  19. What is the difference between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids?

  20. Chromosome vs. a single strand

  21. What is it called when there is an “exchange” of genetic material between homologous chromosomes permitting diversity among a species?

  22. Crossing over

  23. Meiosis has 2 phases – M1 + M2 – what part of IPMAT is missing between the 2 phases?

  24. Interphase is skipped and cells go right into prophase II

  25. Steps for Meiosis:P (!)M (I)A (I)T (I)CYTOKENESISPIIMIIAIITIICYTOKINESIS

  26. What does the “genome” of an individual tell a researcher?

  27. Total genetic information about an individual

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