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Neuroanatomy

Neuroanatomy. Pablo A. Valdes, PhD Email: pablo.a.valdes@dartmouth.edu Office hours: By appointment. Course Details. Course Textbook Lectures Slides and Notes Wet Lab Online Resources. Neuroanatomy. We will study the anatomy of the nervous system

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Neuroanatomy

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  1. Neuroanatomy Pablo A. Valdes, PhD Email: pablo.a.valdes@dartmouth.edu Office hours: By appointment

  2. Course Details Course Textbook Lectures Slides and Notes Wet Lab Online Resources

  3. Neuroanatomy We will study the anatomy of the nervous system Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Structurally and functionally interconnected subsystems

  4. Course Details General anatomy of the nervous system Understand the general major structures Develop the vocabulary In depth - structurally and functionally – as the lectures continue (i.e., build on each other as “interconnected systems”)

  5. Approach to Material We will look at the Nervous System as a set of interconnected subsystems This is a functional approach that looks at each functio-structural subsystem by itself and in relation to the rest of the Nervous System

  6. Course Outline Introduction (1hr) Anatomy of the skull, cranial nerves, arteries, veins, and meninges (1hr) Cerebral Cortex (2hr) Limbic System (1.5hr) Cerebellum (1.5hr) Brainstem, Ascending and Descending Systems, Part (1) (1.5hr) Brainstem, Ascending and Descending Systems, Part (2) (1.5hr) Vasculature (1hr)

  7. Clinical Significance Why??? • About 50 million Americans have neurological or behavioral disorder • In excess of 25% of visits to primary physicians have some neurological component

  8. The Nervous System

  9. We will study the anatomy of the nervous system Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Structurally and functionally interconnected subsystems

  10. The CNS Main Components: 1) Gray Matter a. Cortex and Nuclei -Cell bodies 2) White Matter a. White matter -Neuronal axons and oligodendrocytes (myelin)

  11. Neurons • Cell bodies - perikarya • Dendrites • Dendritic spines • Nissl Substance - RER • Axons • Axon hillock • Axonal transport FitzGerald, Gruner & Mtui, Clinical Neuroanatomy & Neuroscience

  12. Glia • Astrocytes • Regulate intercellular environment; trophic; contact blood vessels • Oligodendrocytes • Produce CNS myelin • Microglia • Part of macrophage-monocyte system FitzGerald, Gruner & Mtui, Clinical Neuroanatomy & Neuroscience

  13. Divisions of the CNS Telencephalon Diencephalon Brainstem Midbrain Hindbrain Pons Medulla Cerebellum Spinal Cord Embryonic Brain

  14. Divisions of the CNS TELENCEPHALON Cerebral cortex frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital Basal ganglia hippocampus amygdala Cortex Basal Ganglia Amygdala Hippocampus

  15. Divisions of the CNS Precentral gyrus Cerebral Cortex Central sulcus Corpus callosum Lateral (Sylvian) fissue

  16. Divisions of the CNS DIENCEPHALON hypothalamus (dorsal) thalamus epithalamus Thalamus Epithalamus Hypothalamus Pituitary (post)

  17. Divisions of the CNS BRAINSTEM -composed of several structures assoc. with basic functions such as vision, hearing, sleep/wake, etc. Anatomical components are Midbrain Hindbrain Pons Medulla Embryonic Brain

  18. Ventricles Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) filled structures Lateral Venctricles (1st and 2nd ) 3rd Ventricle 4th Ventricle

  19. Brain Axes Dorsal – Ventral Superior – Inferior Anterior - Posterior

  20. Planes Axial (horizontal) Coronal Sagittal

  21. Thinking about the Nervous System 3-D to 2-D cross-sections

  22. Dorsal root Spinal Cord • It is expected that you will recall the gross anatomy of the spinal cord • Dorsal and ventral horns • White matter funiculi • Lumbar and cervical enlargements Ventral root Cervical enlargement Dorsal horn Dorsal funiculus Lateral funiculus White matter Gray matter Ventral horn Lumbar enlargement Ventral funiculi

  23. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Anatomy of the peripheral nervous system and autonomic nervous system • 31 pairs of spinal nerves • 12 pairs of cranial nerves • Cranial and dorsal root ganglia • Cell bodies of sensory nerves • Autonomic Ganglia • Cell bodies of autonomic postganglionic nerve fibers • We will focus on the CNS and not PNS

  24. Peripheral Nervous System Cranial and dorsal root ganglia Dorsal root Ganglion collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS Spinal cord Peripheral nerve

  25. Peripheral Nervous System Autonomic Ganglia

  26. Autonomic Nervous System • Control of visceral functions • Sympathetic component - thoracolumbar outflow • Parasympathetic component - craniosacral outflow • 2 neuron pathway with pre- and postganglionic nerve fibers • Autonomic ganglia and receptors are the target of many drugs Ventral root Spinal cord Ramus communicans To organ Sympathetic ganglion

  27. Introduction • We introduced the course • We looked at major landmarks of the nervous system • We discussed various important vocabulary necessary for proceeding in the course

  28. Ref. Dartmouth Medical School Neuroscience http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/phonetik/joerg/sgtutorial/graphic/telencephalon.gif http://www.3icreative.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/forebrain-diencephalon-300x251.jpg http://www.edoctoronline.com/media/19/photos_11C7FB16-6C3B-427D-B2CF-21E3C5A13183.jpg Wikipedia http://www.edoctoronline.com/media/19/photos_11C7FB16-6C3B-427D-B2CF-21E3C5A13183.jpg http://www.waiting.com/waiting.gifs/brainstem.gif

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