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Canada

Canada . A Changing Society. How did cities and factories grow?. 1881- 25% of population lived in cities 1911- about 50% of population lived in cities Snowball Effect of city and factory growth. Economy and Immigration linked.

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Canada

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  1. Canada A Changing Society

  2. How did cities and factories grow? • 1881- 25% of population lived in cities • 1911- about 50% of population lived in cities • Snowball Effect of city and factory growth

  3. Economy and Immigration linked • When economy was doing well the government could ‘open the gates” and allow immigration to occur • 1913- 400 870 • Why the HUGE increase between 1901 and 1910?

  4. Where did they go?

  5. Why the Immigrants Came

  6. Cottage V. Factory System

  7. Factory Conditions were terrible • Open pulleys and cables made it very easy for hair, arms, fingers and clothing to get stuck • Unhygienic practices • Crowded and very noisy • Women and children earned less than men did for doing the same work • Factory owners often took advantage of the poor and pried on them to work

  8. Sifton – Minister of Interior • Appointed in 1896 by Laurier • Developed an aggressive Immigration scheme • “open door” policy of desirable countries • Flooded “desirable” countries with posters, advertisements. • Agents were hired overseas

  9. Sifton--Immigration • Promised people • free land (or cheap land) • Better conditions (What were conditions like in Europe?) • Over crowded cities, poor working conditions, high rents, religious persecution, Farmers did not own crops • Canada was promoted as the “last frontier” which caught the attention and hearts of Europeans.

  10. Free Land

  11. Settlers Camp

  12. Frank Oliver’s Immigration Policy • Oliver was a harsh critic of Sifton’s policies • He became Minister of Interior in 1905 • In 1910 he changed the Immigration Act to slow the tide of Non-English speaking settlers • He referred to it as “restrictive, exclusive, and selective.” • Sec 37. immigrants had to have a minimum sum of money but amount depended on race.

  13. Canada’s Scar • Restrictions placed on: • Asians (Canadian government apologized this year for “head Tax” Chinese immigrants had to pay). • African Americans • Jews • Asiatic Indians • Southern Europeans • For the most part peoples from all over the world continued to come to Canada. But many of these racist policies had widespread support!! • Laurier years established the CULTURAL MOSAIC

  14. Canada Promised a NEW START

  15. Start of multiculturalism?

  16. How did the NATIONAL POLICY impact our economy? Tariffs on USA (foreign products)

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