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DERMATOLOGY

DERMATOLOGY. Anatomy Functions Diagnosis of skin disease. SKIN COLOR VARIATIONS. SKIN CHANGES WITH AGE. SKIN FUNCTION. to form a protective layer over the body to keep moisture in the body (water retention) to make vitamin D to regulate body temperature to excrete waste

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DERMATOLOGY

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  1. DERMATOLOGY Anatomy Functions Diagnosis of skindisease

  2. SKIN COLOR VARIATIONS

  3. SKIN CHANGES WITH AGE

  4. SKIN FUNCTION • to form a protective layer over the body • to keep moisture in the body (water retention) • to make vitamin D • to regulate body temperature • to excrete waste • to sense pain, itch, light touch, heat, cold, and other sensations • for communication

  5. SKIN HISTOLOGY • The outer layer of skin is the epidermis • The inner layer is called the dermis. It contains hair follicles, nerves (the body's sense of touch), sweat and oil glands and blood vessels. • Below the dermis is the subcutaneoustissue consisting of fat cells dispersed in a connective tissue framework

  6. ANATOMY

  7. NORMAL SKIN HISTOLOGY

  8. Criteria for Cutaneous Diagnosis • Location • Number of Lesions • Type of lesion • Pattern • How widespread • Complaints

  9. SKIN LESIONS PRIMARY SECONDARY

  10. PRIMARY LESIONS • Primary – original lesions • Identification of such lesions is the most important aspect of the dermatologic examination • May continue to full development or be modified by regression

  11. Macule Papule Plaque Nodule Pustule Vesicle Bulla Wheal (hive) Ulser PRIMERY

  12. MACULE A circumscribed, flat discoloration that may be brown, blue, red, or hypopigmented. No elevation or depression of skin. Brown Blue Red Hypopigmented

  13. BROWN MACULE Becker's nevus. This lesion contains no pigmentation. Becker's nevus. A typical lesion with macular pigmentation and hair.

  14. PAPULE An elevated solid lesion up to 0.5cm in diameter; color varies; papules may become confluent and form plaques. Flesh colored, yellow, or white Red Brown Blue or violaceous

  15. PAPULE Granuloma annulare. The dorsal surfaces of the hands and feet and the extensor aspects of the arms and legs are the most common sites. Lesions are either papular or broad superficial plaques. Kaposi's sarcoma.

  16. PLAQUE A circumscribed, elevated, superficial, solid lesion more than 0.5cm in diameter, often formed by the confluence of papules

  17. PLAQUE Secondary syphilis. This is the uncommon follicular secondary syphilis.

  18. NODULE A circumscribed, elevated, solid lesion more than 0.5cm in diameter; a large nodule is referred to as a tumor

  19. NODULE Metastatic carcinoma of the breast. Nodules appear vascular and resemble Kaposi's sarcoma.

  20. PUSTULE A circumscribed collection of leukocytes and free fluid that varies in size Staphylococcal folliculitis.

  21. VESICLE A circumscribed collection of free fluid up to 0.5cm in diameter Herpeszoster

  22. BULLA Bullosis diabeticorum. A circumscribed collection of free fluid more than 0.5cm in diameter

  23. WHEAL (HIVE) A firm edematous plaque resulting from infiltration of the dermis with fluid; wheals are transient and may last only a few hours Dermographism

  24. ULCER A focal loss of epidermis and dermis; ulcers heal with scarring Primary syphilis

  25. CYST • Closed cavity that contains liquid or semisolid material

  26. Scale Crust Atrophy Lichenification Erosion Excoriation Fissure Scar SECONDARY

  27. ScalesFine to stratifiedScaling in sheets (desquamation) Excess dead epidermal cells that are produced by abnormal keratinization and shedding The may be fine, as in pityriasis; white and silvery, as in psoriasis; or large and fish-like, as in ichthyosis. Dominant ichthyosis vulgaris

  28. CRUST Impetigo. A thick, honey-yellow adherent crust covers the entire eroded surface. A collection of dried serum and cellular debris; a scab

  29. EROSION A focal loss of epidermis; erosions do not penetrate below the dermoepidermal junction and therefore heal without scarring Toxic epidermal necrolysis (Nikolsky's sign)

  30. FISSURE Asteatotic eczema. Excessive washing produced this advanced case with cracking and fissures. A linear loss of epidermis and dermis with sharply defined, nearly vertical walls

  31. ATROPHY Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. The epidermis is thin and atrophic and gives the appearance of wrinkled tissue paper when compressed. A depression in the skin resulting from thinning of the epidermis or dermis

  32. SCAR An abnormal formation of connective tissue implying dermal damage; after injury or surgery scars are initially thick and pink but with time become white and atrophic Keloids on the chest and extremities are raised with a flat surface. The base is wider than the top.

  33. EXCORIATION An erosion caused by scratching; excoriations are often linear

  34. COMEDONE A plug of sebaceous and keratinous material lodged in the opening of a hair follicle; the follicular orifice may be dilated (blackhead) or narrowed (whitehead or closed comedone)

  35. MILIA A small, superficial keratin cyst with no visible opening

  36. BURROW A narrow, elevated, tortuous channel produced by a parasite

  37. LICHENIFICATION An area of thickened epidermis induced by scratching; the skin lines are accentuated so that the surface looks like a washboard

  38. TELANGIECTASIA Dilated superficial blood vessels

  39. PETECHIAE A circumscribed deposit of blood less than 0.5cm in diameter PURPURA A circumscribed deposit of blood greater than 0.5cm in diameter

  40. THANK YOU!!!!

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