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Joint and Joint Mechanics

Joint and Joint Mechanics. Defined: The points of contact between two connected bones Hold bones together a.k.a. articulation. Types of Joints. Fibrous Non moveable Bound together by connective tissue e.g. sutures 2 . Cartilaginous Slightly moveable hard exterior/soft core

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Joint and Joint Mechanics

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  1. Joint and Joint Mechanics Defined: • The points of contact between two connected bones • Hold bones together • a.k.a. articulation

  2. Types of Joints • Fibrous • Non moveable • Bound together by connective tissue • e.g. sutures 2. Cartilaginous • Slightly moveable • hard exterior/soft core • e.g. intervertebal disks • Synovial • Most moveable • Cartilage and synovia (fluid) • Joined by ligaments • e.g. knee

  3. Types of Synovial Joints • Condyloid • Oddly shaped boney surface • 2 directions of movement • e.g. radiocarpal joint • Hinge • Concave and convex boney surface • 1 direction of movement • e.g. humeroulnar joint 3. Ball and Socket • 3 directions of movement • e.g. glenohumeral joint

  4. Saddle • 2 directions of movement • e.g. carpometacarpal joint • Gliding • flat and slightly curved boney surfaces • 2 directions of movement • e.g. acromioclavicular joint • Pivot • One bonerotates about another • e.g. atlanto-axial joint (‘no’)

  5. Characteristics of A Synovial Joint Articulating Cartilage: located at the end of bones that come in contact with one another. It allows smooth contact surface and acts as a shock absorber. Joint Capsule: a fiberous structure located on the outside of the joint which consists of: - synovial membrane: allows nutrients to pass - fibrous capsule: keeps synovial fluid from leaking Joint Cavity: space filled with synovial fluid located between two joints. Synovial Fluid: lubricates joints by reducing friction while providing nutrients. Internal/External Ligaments: reinforce the joint by providing support but are not elastic.

  6. Sport Injuries Tissue Properties: Recall; Ligaments- bone to bone, tough bands of white fibrous tissue, allow some stretch Tendons- muscles to bone, composed of white fibrous collage, allow more stretch

  7. Sprains and Strains • Refers to injuries of all joint tissue types Sprains (ligament injuries) Strains (muscle & tendon injuries) First degree • Mild • A few days to heal Second degree • Moderate to more severe • Physiotherapy Third degree • Severe • Surgery and rehab (6-12 months)

  8. Sprain or Strain ???

  9. Tendonitis Inflammation of a tendon caused by irritation due to prolonged / abnormal use. Treatment: rest, cold/heat therapy possibly splints, casts, etc… e.g Jumpers Knee

  10. Dislocations When a bone is displaced from its original location. Symptoms: • Joint looks awkward, • painful • unusable. Treatment: medical attention

  11. Separations When bones held together by fibrous ligaments tear away from each other. Treatment: medical attention

  12. Shin Splints An overuse injury cause by excessive force on the tibia - effects the tibia and associated tissues (interosseous membrane and/or periosteum) - Athletes need to watch training regime, surfaces and shoes.

  13. SYMPTOMS OF ANY SPORTS INJURY S.welling H.eat A.ltered R.ed P.ainful

  14. Treatment • Upon injury follow: P.I.E.R Principal P.ressure: immediately I.ce: immediately (approx. 10 mins on, 10 mins off) E.levation: raise to reduce swelling R.estriction: rest and protect

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