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Biomes

Biomes. Biome. A group of similar ecosystems Usually defined by the types of plants that grow there, based on climate. Main Climate Factors are. Temperature Rainfall. Factors influenced by. Sun Wind and water. The Sun and Seasons. The angle of the earth to sun determines seasons. Wind.

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Biomes

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  1. Biomes

  2. Biome • A group of similar ecosystems • Usually defined by the types of plants that grow there, based on climate

  3. Main Climate Factors are • Temperature • Rainfall

  4. Factors influenced by • Sun Wind and water

  5. The Sun and Seasons • The angle of the earth to sun determines seasons

  6. Wind • Generated by Sun

  7. Coriolis effect • Earth’s rotation turns the winds and currents to the right in N. Hemisphere

  8. World winds effect climate

  9. Winds effect ocean currents • Currents also affect climate • Gulf stream brings warmer water to eastern US shore

  10. Windward side – air rises, Rain Leeward side – air sinks. NO rain Mountains cause rain shadow

  11. Elevation changes climate • Similar to change in latitude

  12. Terrestrial Biomes Large ecosystems

  13. First Biome: Tundra • What is the tundra? • No not this

  14. Tundra • cold year round • Permafrost - permanently frozen ground • Plants: very small plants and shrubs • Animals: caribou, arctic fox, snowshoe hare

  15. Taiga (Coniferous forest) • Cold, much winter snow, conifer trees • Plants: cone bearing: pines, firs, spruce • Animals: moose, bear, wolves and lynx

  16. Deciduous forest • Temperate, trees lose leaves, lots of rain. Many dormant winter species • Plants: maples, oaks, willow, birch, blueberries • Animals: deer, fox, raccoon, squirrels

  17. Grasslands • Temperate, seasonal drought, fires • Mostly grasses, flat, dry, fertile • Plants: wheat, corn, hay, grass • Animals: grazers; bison, prairie dogs

  18. Chaparral • Brush land communities along mid latitude coastlines • Plants: spiny shrubs, heat and fire resistant plants • Animals: deer, rodents, lizards, roadrunners

  19. Desert • Very little rainfall (< 30 cm/year), hot day, cold night • Plants: store water (CAM plants) cactus, sage bush, creosote bush • Animals: lizards, snakes, kit foxes, road runner

  20. Some desert mice NEVER drink • Kangaroo mouse • Gets water from food and from cellular respiration

  21. Savannas • Grassland with more moisture. Wet and dry seasons • Plants: scattered trees, shrubs :grasses • Animals: zebra, giraffes, gazelles, lions, hyenas

  22. Tropical rainforest • Very wet and hot, found along equator • Plants: very tall trees, orchids, mosses • Animals: parrots, monkeys, sloth, jaguar

  23. Tropical rainforests • The most biomass • Pronounced vertical stratification

  24. Tropical rainforests • Canopy species at the top • Jungle – thick growth to replace opening • Epiphytes – air plants grow on other plants

  25. Alpine • Alpine biomes are at high altitudes • Similar to taiga and tundra

  26. Locations of Biomes

  27. Quiz – Name that biome • Savannah

  28. What Biome? • Desert

  29. What Biome? • Deciduous forest

  30. What Biome? • Tundra

  31. What Biome? • Tropical Rain Forest

  32. What Biome? • Chaparral

  33. What Biome? • Taiga

  34. What Biome? • Grassland

  35. Aquatic Biomes • Fresh and salt water

  36. Salt water biomes • Organisms must be adapted to higher salt content so they do not dehydrate • Called osmoregulation

  37. Photic zones • Where Light reaches (photo = light)

  38. Aphotic zones • Light does not reach

  39. Thermocline • Temperature layer where temperature drops sharply with depth

  40. Benthic Zone • The zone below the surface.

  41. Freshwater biomes • Ponds, Lakes and streams

  42. Estuary • Where fresh water meets salt water

  43. Freshwater biomes • Oligotrophic Lakes – Deep, nutrient poor, with small surface area. • Low photosynthesis

  44. Eutrophic lake • Nutrient-rich, large surface area relative to depth. High photosynthesis • Too much algae growing on surface blocks light and kills other plants • This can kill animal life, destroying pond ecosystem

  45. Healthiest lakes are balanced • Oligotrophic = Eutrophic

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