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Two Views on Government: Hobbes vs. Locke

Explore contrasting perspectives of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke on government authority, social contracts, natural rights, and the Enlightenment ideals of reason and liberty. Discover key French political thinkers and their influences. Learn about Cesare Beccaria's advocacy for justice reform and the role of notable women like Mary Wollstonecraft in advancing women's rights during the Enlightenment era.

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Two Views on Government: Hobbes vs. Locke

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  1. Chapter 22 Section 2 Notes

  2. Two Views on Government English Political Thinkers

  3. A. Thomas Hobbes, English THOMAS HOBBES (1588-1679)

  4. 1. Book called Leviathan1651

  5. a. Horrors of English Civil Wars convinced him that all humans were selfish and wicked

  6. b. Believed in total power of the government and people wouldenter into a social contract with the government

  7. B. John Locke, English John Locke (1632-1704)

  8. 1. Book called Two Treatises onGovernment

  9. a. Believed that people could learn from their mistakes

  10. b. All people are born free and equal and have three natural rights

  11. 1. Life2. Liberty3. Property

  12. II. The Philosophes Advocate Reason

  13. A. Philosophes is the French word for philosophers

  14. B. They believed that France could apply reason to the government just like Scientist do

  15. C. Five Basic Concepts

  16. 1. Reason2. Nature3. Happiness4. Progress5. Liberty

  17. D. Three French Political Thinkers

  18. 1. Francois Marie Arouet known asVoltaire

  19. a. Satire against his opponents rulers and church

  20. b. Wrote over 70 Essays

  21. c. Believed strongly in freedom of speech

  22. 2. Baron de Montesquieu

  23. a. Wrote book called On the Spirit of Laws

  24. b. Studied classical governments

  25. c. Believed that Britian was best-governed country of his day

  26. d. Mistakenly thought that England had three parts to it’s government

  27. e. Identified the three branches of government and separation of power, checks and balances

  28. 1. Legislative2. Executive3. Judicial

  29. 3. Jean Jacques Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau, 1712-1788

  30. a. Wrote book called The Social Contract

  31. b. Said that government or the strongest among men became corrupted and forced others to obey unjust laws

  32. 1. Thus people lost their freedom and equality

  33. c. Believed the best government was a direct democracy where people agreed to give up some of their freedom

  34. d. *** Different than Hobbes

  35. 1. Hobbes government and man

  36. 2. Rousseau agreement of individuals

  37. E. Italian thinker Cesare BonesanaBeccaria Cesare Bonesana Marchese di Beccaria, 1738-1794

  38. a. Wrote book On Crimes and Punishment 1764

  39. b. Turned his thoughts to the justice system

  40. 1. Against torturing of witnesses and suspects2. Against irregular proceedings in trials3. For speedy trials4. Degree of punishment should be based on seriousness of crime5. Against capital punishment

  41. The most well known image of Rosie the Riveter. This poster was introduced by the United States Government in its propaganda campaign to entice women into war work. II. Women of the Enlightenment Susan Brownell Anthony (February 15, 1820 – March 13, 1906) was a prominent who played a pivotal role in the 19th century women's rights movement to introduce women's suffrage into the United States

  42. A. Mary Astell English

  43. 1. Wrote A Serious Proposal to the Ladies

  44. a. Addressed the lack of educational opportunities for women

  45. B. Mary Wollstonecraft Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797)

  46. 1. Wrote, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 1792

  47. a. Argued for women’s education

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