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What is of Taxonomy ? The science of naming organisms and classifying them into groups

CLASSIFICATION. I. Taxonomy. What is of Taxonomy ? The science of naming organisms and classifying them into groups Why classify? Provides a universal language so scientists can communicate globally Groups organisms to show evolutionary relationships C. How do we classify?

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What is of Taxonomy ? The science of naming organisms and classifying them into groups

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  1. CLASSIFICATION I. Taxonomy • What is of Taxonomy? • The science of naming organisms and classifying them into groups • Why classify? • Provides a universal language so scientists can communicate globally • Groups organisms to show evolutionary relationships C. How do we classify? • Physical similarity. • Genetic similarity.

  2. II. Levels of Classification • Example 2: A. Organisms grouped in increasing levels of specificity • Levels • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species • Analogy • Continent • Country • State • County • City • Street • # • Example • Animalia • Chordata • Mammalia • Primates • Hominidae • Homo • sapiens King Philip Came Over For Great Sandwiches

  3. II. Biological Classification B. Naming Organisms • Developed by Carolus Linnaeus and is known as binomial nomenclature • The rules: • Scientific names have two parts: Genus and species Homo sapien (human) Felis domesticus (cat) • Capitalize Genus, but not species • Underline or put in italics Father of Taxonomy

  4. II. Biological Classification C. Cladograms Show evolutionary relationships. Each branch indicates shared characteristics (which are often noted on the branch itself). Numbers are millions of years ago See pp. 608-609 in textbook

  5. III. The Six Kingdoms A. Kingdom Archaebacteria • Organisms are prokaryotes, single cellular • Organisms do NOT have carbohydrates in cell wall • Organisms live in harsh environments: anaerobic(no oxygen) mud found in digestive tract of animals extremely hot or salty water

  6. III. The Six Kingdom System B. Kingdom Eubacteria • Larger of the two bacteria kingdoms • Organisms are prokaryotes (cells do not have a nucleus nor membrane enclosed organelles), single celled • Organisms have carbohydrates in cell wall • Populations are widespread and diverse • Example: cyanobacteria(blue-green bacteria)

  7. III. The Six Kingdom System C. Kingdom Protista • Organisms are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles) • Organisms are often single-celled or multicellular • Organisms are animal, plant, or fungus-like but can’t be classified as one or the other • Examples: Amoeba, Diatoms and algae

  8. III. The Six Kingdom System D. Kingdom Fungi • Organisms are eukaryotes with cell walls • Organisms are heterotrophic(obtains energy from the food it eats). Multi-cellular. • Examples: mushrooms, mold, and yeast

  9. III. The Six Kingdom System E. Kingdom Plantae • Organisms are eukaryotes and multicellular • Cells are surrounded by cell walls • Organisms are autotrophic(make their own food through photosynthesis) • Examples: plants, mosses, and ferns

  10. III. The Six Kingdom System F. Kingdom Animalia • Organisms are multicellular with eukaryotic cells that lack cell walls • Organisms are heterotrophic • Organisms reproduce sexually • Examples: fish, insects, mammals

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