Skoogle Chapter 1 Section 1 Complete the terms below and the section outline.

1. SkoogleChapter 1 Section 1Complete the terms below and the section outline. • Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy? • Architectural remains of the Roman Empire • Wealthy merchant class could afford the arts • Trade along Italian Peninsula • How did the philosophy of Humanism differ from how people viewed the world during the Middle Ages? • Humanist focused on the arts, culture, history and science and focused less on religion • How did art begin to change during the Renaissance? • More realistic • Three dimensional • Less religious/gothic Humanism: intellectual movement where people focused on classical culture and the arts and not religion Patrons: financial supporter of the arts Renaissance: the rebirth of education, arts and science in Europe 1300’s -1600’s Perspective: three-dimensional style in art The Medici: wealthy family in Florence Italy who supported the arts Leonardo da Vinci: famous Renaissance artist (Mona Lisa, Last Supper)

2. SkoogleChapter 1 Section 2Complete the terms below and the section outline. • How did Northern Humanist differ from Humanists in Italy? • They believed that learning and the arts should be used to bring about a religious and moral revival • How did Humanist Thomas Moore describe his utopian society? • He believed in a perfect society where all people were educated, living in harmony and no crime • Why was Johann Gutenberg’s invention, the printing press, such an important invention? • Books could be produced cheaper and faster • Led to more people learning to read • Ideas/knowledge could be spread much faster • Why do you think the Renaissance did not begin in Northern Europe until after economic growth had taken place? • Wealthier society allowed for more leisure time to develop the art, science and technology • Wealthier people could afford to pay people to develop the arts and sciences Albrecht Durer: German artisan who helped spread renaissance ideas into northern Europe Desideruius Erasmus: northern humanist who wanted to use knowledge to spread Christianity and end church corruption Utopian: ideal/perfect society William Shakespeare: English renaissance playwright who wrote many classics like Romeo & Juliet Miguel de Cervantes: Spanish renaissance writer of Don Quixote Johann Gutenberg: inventor of the printing press (1496)

3. SkoogleChapter 1 Section 3Answer each question below and the section outline • During the Renaissance, why were many people upset with the Catholic Church? • Corruption and abuse of power • How did Martin Luther attempt to reform the Catholic Church? • Post 95 Thesis (complaints against the Catholic Church) • Promote the idea that salvation only came from God not priests or church • According to the Catholic Church, how could a person be accepted into heaven? • Confess to a priest • Ask for forgiveness • Show regret • Indulgences • How was John Calvin’s ideology different from Luther’s? a. Calvin believed in predestination Protestant Reformation: people who broke away from the Catholic Church and created new versions of Christianity Martin Luther: monk who fought against corruption in the Catholic Church Indulgences: granted by the church to lesson time in purgatory (hell) for good deeds or donations Predestination: belief that only certain people were predetermined to get into heaven Huguenots: people in France who followed the ideology of John Calvin