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Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. Chapter 9. Respiratory System. In which two openings does air enter the respiratory system? Nose and mouth What is another name for the trachea? Where is it? Windpipe and located below epiglottis. Respiratory System.

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Cellular Respiration

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  1. Cellular Respiration • Chapter 9

  2. Respiratory System • In which two openings does air enter the respiratory system? • Nose and mouth • What is another name for the trachea? Where is it? • Windpipe and located below epiglottis

  3. Respiratory System • The trachea branches into what two pipes as it enters the lungs? • Bronchi • What are the grapelike clusters at the end of the small tubes in the lungs? • alveoli

  4. WHAT IS AT EACH AREA?

  5. What electron carriers are at “D” and at “E”?

  6. “D” = NADH “E” = FADH2 + NADH

  7. What waste gas leaves at “H”?

  8. Carbon Dioxide

  9. What processes are at A, B, C?

  10. A (glycolysis) B (Krebs cycle) C (ETC and chemiosmosis)

  11. What is at “A” and “C”?

  12. “A” = ETC “C” = ATP Synthase

  13. Which electron carriers are in the form WITH the electrons? • FAD+ NAD+ FADH2 NADH • FADH2 NADH

  14. NAD+ comes from: • Niacin • Vitamin C • Cholesterol • Vitamin E • ANSWER: niacin

  15. What is redox? • HINT AND WHAT IT REPRESENTS • Leo goes Ger • Loss of electrons = oxidation • Gain of Electrons = reduction

  16. Which is it? • C6H12O6 converting to H2O is being: • A. Oxidized • B. Reduced • ANSWER: Oxidized

  17. Which is it? • NAD+ converting to NADH is being: • A. Oxidized • B. Reduced • ANSWER: Reduced

  18. What process means without oxygen? • A. aerobic • B. anaerobic • ANSWER: anaerobic

  19. What does this enzyme do? • DEHYDROGENASE? • ANSWER: Removes hydrogen

  20. Which Generates the Most ATP • G. Glycolysis • K. Krebs cycle • E. ETC/Chemiosmosis • ANSWER:E

  21. Begins the oxidation of glucose • G. Glycolysis • K. Krebs cycle • E. ETC/Chemiosmosis • ANSWER: G

  22. Occurs outside the mitochondrion • G. Glycolysis • K. Krebs cycle • E. ETC/Chemiosmosis • ANSWER: G

  23. Produces 4 ATP/glucose by substrate-level phosphorylation (in the cytoplasm), but 2 ATP’s to get it started • G. Glycolysis • K. Krebs cycle • E. ETC/Chemiosmosis • ANSWER: G

  24. Oxidizes NADH and FADH2 to NAD+ and FAD • G. Glycolysis • K. Krebs cycle • E. ETC/Chemiosmosis • ANSWER: E

  25. Carried out by enzymes in the matrix • G. Glycolysis • K. Krebs cycle • E. ETC/Chemiosmosis • ANSWER: K

  26. Here e- and H+ combine with O2 to form H2O • G. Glycolysis • K. Krebs cycle • E. ETC/Chemiosmosis • ANSWER: E

  27. Occurs along inner mitochondrial membrane • G. Glycolysis • K. Krebs cycle • E. ETC/Chemiosmosis • ANSWER: E

  28. Generates most of the CO2 produced by cellular respiration • G. Glycolysis • K. Krebs cycle • E. ETC/Chemiosmosis • ANSWER: K

  29. FADH2 and NADH deliver H+ and e- to this stage • G. Glycolysis • K. Krebs cycle • E. ETC/Chemiosmosis • ANSWER: E

  30. ATP synthase makes ATP • G. Glycolysis • K. Krebs cycle • E. ETC/Chemiosmosis • ANSWER: E

  31. Reduces NAD+ and FAD, producing NADH and FADH2 • G. Glycolysis • K. Krebs cycle • E. ETC/Chemiosmosis • ANSWER: K

  32. What anaerobes can make ATP by fermentation OR aerobic respiration? • In other words, with or without oxygen? • Facultative anaerobes? • Strict anaerobes? • ANSWER: Facultative anaerobes

  33. What is an organism that normally uses aerobic respiration to produce ATP, but it can generate ATP without oxygen, via alcoholic fermentation? • HINTS: yeast, animals, plants? • ANSWER: yeast

  34. Fermentors replenish their NAD+ by using NADH to oxidize what acid? • Citric • Pyruvic • Hydrochloric • ANSWER: pyruvic (during fermentation)

  35. When oxygen is scare, what part of humans can make ATP by lactic acid fermentation? • HINTS: • Liver, muscles, bacteria, or heart? • ANSWER: muscles

  36. Fermentation allows cells to make ATP in the absence of: • Hydrogen • Nitrogen • Electrons • Oxygen • ANSWER: oxygen

  37. For each molecule of glucose consumed, 2 molecules of pyruvic acid, 2 ATP, and 2 what form? • NADH • FADH2 • sucrose • ANSWER:NADH

  38. What are the waste products of alcoholic fermentation besides CO2? • oxygen • Ethanol • Isopropyl alcohol • ANSWER: ethanol

  39. What kind of fermentation is used to make cheese and yogurt? • alcoholic • Lactic acid • ANSWER: lactic acid • (like lactobacillus)

  40. Fermentation makes how many ATP per molecule of glucose? • 2 • 4 • 34 • ANSWER: 2

  41. A cell can use what process to make a small amount of ATP (2), but it must somehow recycle its NAD+ supply? • Glycolysis • Krebs cycle • ETC/chemiosmosis • fermentation • ANSWER: fermentation

  42. Like anaerobic fermentation, alcoholic fermentation produces what gas as a waste product? • Carbon dioxide • Oxygen • Nitrogen • ANSWER: carbon dioxide

  43. What kind of organisms require anaerobic conditions only? • Facultative anaerobes? • Strict anaerobes? • ANSWER:strict anaerobes

  44. What is the formula for cellular respiration? • C6H12O6 + 6 O2 • 6 CO2 + 6 H2O • + ATP

  45. What is the formula for cellular respiration? • C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP

  46. When one molecule of glucose breaks down in cellular respiration, what percent ends up as ATP molecules? • 100% • 75% • 40% • 10% • ANSWER: 40 %

  47. What is another name for the Krebs cycle? • A. citric acid cycle • B. Calvin cycle • C. carbon dioxide cycle • D. glucose cycle • ANSWER: citric acid cycle

  48. What process means “sugar breaking” • A. Krebs cycle • B. fermentation • C. glycolysis • D. ETC • ANSWER: glycolysis

  49. Where does NAD+ come from? • A. vitamin C • B. vitamin E • C. vitamin A • D. vitamin B (niacin) • ANSWER: niacin

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