1. Plant Structure • Terminology important for classification • Why study plant structure (anatomy)? • Useful for understanding horticultural procedures

2. Cell wall: • Cell membrane Plant Structure: Cells • What are main components of plant cells • Cellulose-rich cell wall unique to plants • Provides strength and rigidity to plant • Semi-permeable layer • Regulates substances that enter and leave cell

3. Plant Structure: Cells • Cytoplasm: • What are main components of plant cells • Internal matrix of cell • strands between neighboring cells aids in transport • Central vacuole: • Membrane bound storage organelle • Nucleus: • Contains DNA (genetic instructions)

4. Plant Structure: Cells • Endoplasmic reticulum: • What are main components of plant cells • Internal membrane system for transport • Ribosome: • Site of protein synthesis • Plastids: • Vacuoles for storage • Most common are chloroplasts (contain chlorophyll)

5. Plant Structure: Cells • Mitochondria: • What are main components of plant cells • Site of cellular respiration (energy-producing process) • Golgi bodies: • Involved in transport of cell products and • Most cells are specialized (e.g. transport, storage or photosynthesis)

6. Tips of stems and roots (except grasses) Plant Structure:Tissues • Meristem: • Tissues = groups of cells with similar functions • Primary meristem - elongation • Secondary meristem - growth in girth

7. Plant Structure:Tissues • Epidermis: • Tissues = groups of cells with similar functions • Outer covering (replaced by bark in woody plants) • Controls water loss and protects plant • Tightly packed and often coated with waxy cuticle • May have outgrowths called trichomes • Periderm: • Bark (protects stems)

8. Plant Structure:Tissues • Phloem: • Tissues = groups of cells with similar functions • Living vascular tissue • Transports products of photosynthesis from leaves to other parts of plant • Xylem: • Nonliving vascular tissue • Conducts water and nutrient from roots to elsewhere in plants

9. Plant Structure:Tissues • Parenchyma: • Tissues = groups of cells with similar functions • Main tissue in some parts of plants • Functions in storage and wound healing • Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma: • Function in support of various plant parts