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Understanding Intensifiers and Quantifiers in English Grammar

This guide explores the concepts of intensifiers and quantifiers, essential tools in English grammar that add emphasis and indicate quantity, respectively. Intensifiers modify adjectives, adverbs, and verbs to convey strong emotions or emphasis, while quantifiers, as indefinite determiners, express the amount of something. The document explains their definitions, types, grammatical functions, and positions within sentences, along with examples. Additionally, it delves into different types of questions, including yes/no questions and wh-questions, and discusses the roles of connectives in forming coherent sentences.

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Understanding Intensifiers and Quantifiers in English Grammar

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  1. Unit 4Part II

  2. Intensifiers & Quantifiers • An intensifier • Definition: a word/group of words which normally indicates emphasis or strong feeling • Type: A kind of Adv which is sometimes called an adverb of degree • Function: used to modify Adj, Adv, V, VP, or another intensifier • Position: before or after the word that it modifies • Example: Am I good enough for her? • A quantifier • Definition: a word/group of words which indicates the quantity of something • Type: A kind of N determiner called an indefinite determiner • Function: used to modify N which follows it • Position: before N that it modifies • Example: Is there enough food for us?

  3. Exercise 4Intensifiersand Quantifiersp.50

  4. Types of questions • Yes/no question • begins with an auxiliary (“do”, “have”, “be”) or a modal • The answer “yes” or “no” is expected • Example: Are you married? • Wh-question • begins with a “wh-word” • The answer should specify a particular person, thing, place, reason, method, or amount • Example: Who is that guy standing over there?

  5. Wh-Words (Question Words) • Wh-words: who, what, where, when, why, how, which, whose, whom • Types: pronoun, adverb, determiner (Pronouns/adverbs/determiners in wh- questions are sometimes called interrogative pronouns/adverbs/determiners.) • Functions: subject, object, modifier • Example: Who is that guy standing over there? (“Who” in this sentence = pronoun / subject)

  6. Pron S Pron O Pron O Pron O Pron O Pron O Pron S Det M Pron S Det M Det M Adv M Adv M Adv M Adv M Adv M Adv M Pron O Det M Pron O Exercise 5 A

  7. What Who What When How Who/Whom Who Where Why How Which Why What Whose Which What Whoever (?) When How why Exercise 5B

  8. Connectives • Definition: a word/group of words whose function is to connect or join words, phrases, and clauses • Types: • Coordinating conjunctions • Correlative conjunctions • Subordinating conjunctions • Relative pronouns • Relative adverbs • Transitional words (or conjunctive adverbs) • Transitional phrases • Prepositions

  9. Five groups of connectives classified according to their roles • Coordinating conjunctions(and, but, or)& Correlative conjunctions(either..or, not only..but also) join words/phrases/clauses which are grammatically equivalent • Subordinating conjunctions introduce Adv/N clause and link it to the main clause (I told him when he should come.) • Relative pronouns & Relative adverbs introduce Adj clause (a relative clause) (I remember the year when Richard II was born.) • Transitional words & phrases join two independent clauses and modifies the clause following it (However,… In other words,…) • Prepositions show the relationship between its object (called an object of/after a preposition) and some other words in the sentence (The phrase beginning with a preposition is called a prepositional phrase.) (I want to sit in the front row.)

  10. 3 types of subordinate clauses • Adv clause • modifies V, VP, Clause, Adj, AdjP • Introduced by a subordinating conjunction • N clause • functions as Sub, DO, IO, OC, SC • Introduced by a subordinating conjunction • Adj clause (or relative clause) • modifies the preceding N, NP, Pron(A relative clause is used to give further info. about something.) • Introduced by a relative pronoun/adverb

  11. Exercise 6A • Coordinating conjunction and, but, or • Correlative conjunction either..or, neither..or, not only..but also

  12. when/after (AdvC) Although/though (AdvC) whether/if (NC) (that) (NC) Since (AdvC) Before (AdvC) while/as (AdvC) If (AdvC) That (NC) if/whether (NC) unless (AdvC) because/since (AdvC) While/as (AdvC) when/whenever (AdvC) (that) (NC) Exercise 6BSubordinating conjunctions (introducing NC/AdvC)

  13. who (rp) which/that (rp) (which/that) (rp) where (ra) (why) (ra) which (rp) whom/who (rp) (when/that) (ra) when (ra) who (rp) whom (rp) whose (noun deter. In rela. clause) where/ at which (ra) whom (rp) (that/which/where)(ra) Exercise 6CRelative pronoun/adverb (introducing AdjC (relative clause))

  14. Relative pronouns: what, who, whom, which • Relative adverbs: when, where, why, how

  15. Exercise 6DTransitional words/phrasesp.55-56

  16. Exercise 6E,F(One-word / Simple) preposition, Phrasal prepositionp.56-57

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