New France

1. New France 1605 - 1763

2. Where was New France? • New France was divided into three areas: • Acadia – the Maritime provinces (PEI, NB & NS) and parts of Maine. • Canada-the area along the Saint Lawrence and the interior. • Louisiana– the area around the Mississippi.

4. The early years of the Quebec colony were hard, and the population grew slowly. • Champlain aided the Huronin battles against the Iroquois Confederacy. As a result, the Iroquois became mortal enemies of the French.

5. The fur trade served both to keep alive an interest in the territory and at the same time to discourage the development of agriculture. • In 1663, Louis XIV, made New France a royal province and began to encourage colonization. • A Sovereign Council was created as new government structure

6. The Government of New France • The government of the colony was reformed along the lines of the government of France. • The senior official was the Governor, appointed by the king. • The second position was the Intendant, whose chief duties concerned finance and the administration of justice. • The rank of Bishopwas created to head of the clergy.

7. Jean Talon, was sent to lead the government of the new province as the first intendant (1665-1672). • He encouraged agriculture, business, crafts, and exploration and stimulated immigration. • To strengthen the colony and make it the centre of France's colonial empire, Louis XIV decided to dispatch more than 700 single women, aged between 15 and 30 (known as les filles du roi or King’s Daughters) to New France. • 1663-2000 1681-10,000 1763-70,000

8. French and English Rivalry • While the English colonies were growing rapidly along the Atlantic seaboard, French fur traders and explorers were extending ownership deep into the heart of North America. • The Ohio River Valley was claimed but sparsely settled by France. • The conflict between France and England in Europe eventually came to North America. • As each side lost a war they would include land in North America to their treaties, so parts of New France and Acadia traded hands several times.

9. A struggle between France and England, broke out in 1702 and led to the capture of Port Royal by the English in 1710. • The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 required France to surrender the Hudson Bay Territory, Newfoundland, and Acadia. • France was permitted to keep Ile Royale (Cape Breton Island) as well as her inland colonies.

10. France built the Fortress of Louisbourgon Cape Breton Island. • It was to serve as a military and naval base to protect France's remaining North American empire and the entrance to the St. Lawrence River. • In 1749 a fleet bearing more than 2,500 new settlers from the British Isles began the construction of the city of Halifax to build the Citadel.

11. The Final Struggle for the Continent • The founding of Halifax was the beginning of a new aggressive English policy in Acadia. • Under the Treaty of Utrechtin 1713 Acadia fell under British rule. • The Acadians were allowed to keep their land if they remained neutral during any conflict. • England and France were preparing for a major conflict all around the world. • American histories refer to the fighting that began in 1754 as the French and Indian War. Canadian and European histories consider it the opening of the Seven Years' War. • As tensions grew between the England and France, Governor Lawrence of Nova Scotia grew suspicious of the Acadians.

12. le Grand Derangement • He demanded the Acadians sign new oath of allegiance to the English Crown. • The Acadians refused. And the governor took action. • In 1755, 6000 Acadians were rounded up and stripped of their property.

13. The decision to expel the Acadians was part of Lawrence's military strategy for the defense of his colony. • The plan had been devised in Halifax and was unknown to the British government in London until it was far too late to issue any response. • Lawrence's intention was to scatter the Acadians among Britain's Thirteen Colonies along the Atlantic Coast. • In such small numbers, and immersed among an English speaking population, the Acadians would surely be absorbed. • Gradually, some managed to make their way to Louisiana, creating the Cajun population

14. Where did they go?

15. In 1847, an epic poem by American writer Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “Evangeline”, was loosely based on the events surrounding the 1755 deportation.

16. Role Play Puzzel • 1.From the bag you will randomly choose a piece of paper with a historical character. • 2.Individually, using your text pages 35-36 and information from the presentation on New France and Acadia, on a piece of paper you will have 7 mins to write down 4 things • Who you are • What year/s you were alive • Where you are from/live • Why you are significant historically

17. 3. Once you know who you are, you will be given a chance to find others who lived in the same area that you did, and you will move together to the designated area of the class room • 4.When at your homeland, as a group you will each present to the class a different piece of information about yourselves from what you have written • 5.Stand by for the scenario…..