The Southern Colonies The slave colonies

1. The Southern Colonies The slave colonies

2. Virginia • Named after the Virgin Queen (Queen Elizabeth) • Main Crop: • Tobacco • Reason settled: • MONEY!!! • City of Mention: • Jamestown • Relations with Native Americans: • Good at first b/c of Powhatan and his daughter Pocahontas but then the relationship soured

3. The CarolinasNorth and South Carolina

4. Settling the “Lower South”

5. The West Indies  Way Station to Mainland America • 1670  a group of small English farmers from the West Indies arrived in Carolina. • Were squeezed out by sugar barons. • Brought a few black slaves and a model of the Barbados slave code with them. • Slavery was heritable • Masters can do as they please – including mutilation and burning alive • The King Charles II granted Carolina to 8 supporters [Lord Proprietors]. • They hoped to use Carolina to supply their plantations in Barbados with food and export wine, silk, and olive oil to Europe. What does this mean?

6. Colonizing the Carolinas • Carolina developed close economic ties to the West Indies. • Many Carolinian settlers were originally from the West Indies. • They used local Savannah Indians to enslave other Indians [about 10,000] and send them to the West Indies [and some to New England]. • 1707  Savannah Indians decided to migrate to PA. Why? Who lived in PN? • PA promised better relations with whites. • Carolinians decided to “thin” the Savannahs before they could leave  bloody raids killed most of them by 1710. • Why do you think they would do this? Why did they want to thin them out?

7. Port of Charles Town, SC • Named for King Charles II of England. • Became the busiest port in the South. • Many slaves were taken through this port • City with aristocratic feel. • Religious toleration attracted diverse inhabitants. What does aristocratic mean?

8. Crops of the Carolinas: Rice • The primary export. • Rice was still an exotic food in England. • Was grown in Africa, so planters imported West African slaves. • These slaves had a genetic trait that made them partially immune to malaria. • By 1710  black slaves were a majority in Carolina. American Long Grain Rice

9. Crops of theCarolinas: Indigo In colonial times, the main use for indigo was as a dye for spun cotton threads that were woven into cloth for clothes. Today in the US, the main use for indigo is a dye for cotton work clothes & blue jeans.

10. Rice & Indigo Exportsfrom SC & GA: 1698-1775

11. Crops of the Carolinas: Tobacco Used slave labor Tobacco

12. Crops of the Carolinas: Cotton • Later cotton became an important crop

13. Slave Labor • Many slaves were almost immediately put to work in South Carolina's • There was no harder, or more unhealthy, work possible than working in a rice field: “negroes, anckle and even mid-leg deep in water which floats an ouzy mud, and exposed all the while to a burning sun which makes the very air they breathe hotter than the human blood; these poor wretches are then in a furness of stinking putrid effluvia: a more horrible employment can hardly be imagined.” • 2 out of every 3 African-American children on rice plantations failed to reach their sixteenth birthday • one out of every three slave children on the cotton plantations died before reaching the age of 16, nearly • over 1/3of all slave children died before their 1st birthday.

14. The Emergence of North Carolina • Northern part of Carolina shared a border with VA • VA dominated by aristocratic planters who were generally Church of England members. • People moved from VA moved south to northern Carolina. • Poor farmers with little need for slaves. • Religious dissenters. • Distinctive traits of North Carolinians • Irreligious & hospitable to pirates. • Strong spirit of resistance to authority. • 1712  NC officially separated from SC. What is the Church of England? Home to Blackbeard

15. Conflict With Spanish Florida • Catholic Spain hated all of the Protestantson their borders (in the Carolinas). • Anglo-Spanish Wars • The Spanish conducted border raids on Carolina. • Either inciting local Native Americans to attack or attacking themselves. • By 1700  Carolina was too strong to be wiped out by the Spanish! What is an example of a Protestant?

16. Georgia The Buffer Colony

17. 18c Southern Colonies

18. Late-Coming Georgia Founded in 1733. Last of the 13 colonies. Named in honor of King George II. Founded by James Oglethorpe.

19. Georgia--The “Buffer” Colony • James Oglethorpe created Georgia • Main Reason for Creating Georgia: • As a “buffer” between the valuable Carolinas & Spanish Florida & French Louisiana. • Received subsidies from British govt. to offset costs of defense. • Export silk and wine. • A haven for debtors thrown in to prison. • Determined to keep slavery out! • Slavery found in GAby 1750. • Slavery and alcohol were originally prohibited.

20. The Port City of Savannah • Diverse community. • All Christians except Catholics enjoyed religious toleration. • Missionaries worked among debtors and Indians  most famous was John Wesley. (he founded Methodism)

21. How did the slaves get here? • Triangular Trade • Middle Passage