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Simulating Escape Panic & Self-Organization in Pedestrian Crowds

Explore the dynamics of crowd behavior with the model by Helbing, integrating panic scenarios with normal pedestrian traffic features. Discover the Faster-is-Slower effect, mass behavior, and ways to simulate crowd phenomena effectively.

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Simulating Escape Panic & Self-Organization in Pedestrian Crowds

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  1. Simulating CrowdsSimulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic & Self-Organization Phenomena in Pedestrian Crowds Papers by Helbing Presented by Thiago Ize

  2. Why do we care? • Easy to use when doing crowds • For the layman animator • For the sleep deprived programmer • Lots of goodies come for free  • Escape panic features • Faster-is-slower effect • Crowding around doorway • Mass behavior • Normal pedestrian traffic features • Lanes • Waiting at doors • Braking rules

  3. The model Missing the ! pushes αaway from all pedestrians, β closest part of static things, Β, thatαshould avoid gets α to desired velocity, pushes αtowards certain pedestrians, i These use potential force fields

  4. What are potential force fields? • Field around an object that exerts a force on other objects • Used by roboticists exponential square directional

  5. The model – normal condition • Lots of room for choice of potential function • Helbing uses an elliptical directional potential directional Directional potential: Gradient: α β α α Force applied on αby β:

  6. What does that do? • Lane formation • Potential force behind leader is low • Leader is moving away (force is not increasing) • Turn taking at doorways (it’s a polite model) • Easy to follow someone through the door. • Eventually pressure from other side builds up and direction changes • Rudimentary collision avoidance

  7. Panic !! • People are now really close together • Body force – counteracts bodily compression • Sliding friction force – people slow down when really close to other people and things • Desired speed, , has increased • Switch from directional to exponential potential field (but would probably still work with directional)

  8. The model - panic condition Exponential potential field body force sliding friction force g() = 0 if α and βare not touching, otherwise = distance from α to β tangential velocity difference normal from βto α

  9. What does that do? • Faster-is-slower effect • Sliding friction term • High desired velocity (panic) • Squishes people together • Gaps quickly fill up • Exits get an arch-like blockage

  10. Integrating panic with normality • Sliding friction and body term can safely be used in all situations • Would probably make all scenes look better • Panic occurs when everyone’s desired velocity is high and points to same location

  11. Mass behavior • Confused people will follow everyone else average direction of neighbors j in a certain radius Ri individual direction panic probability

  12. Problems • Possible to go through boundaries • Can be fixed by increasing force of boundary • Sometimes good • Excels at crowds, not individual pedestrian movement • When focus is on big crowds and not on individuals, this is good.

  13. Questions?

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