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BioDeep Meeting V: Marseilles, 13-15 th April 2002 (1 st report)

Workpackage 5 : Microbial metabolic activities. BioDeep Meeting V: Marseilles, 13-15 th April 2002 (1 st report). Proof for the existence of bacterial life in extreme and selective environments (high pressure, anoxia, hypersalinity…). Armand Bianchi, Jean Garcin, Christian Tamburini.

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BioDeep Meeting V: Marseilles, 13-15 th April 2002 (1 st report)

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  1. Workpackage 5 : Microbial metabolic activities BioDeep Meeting V: Marseilles, 13-15th April 2002 (1st report) Proof for the existence of bacterial life in extreme and selective environments (high pressure, anoxia, hypersalinity…) Armand Bianchi, Jean Garcin, Christian Tamburini 1- BioDeep – WP5 – Marseilles, 13-15th April 2002

  2. Normal seawater with HPSS Seawater-Brine interface with Niskin fitted on the Scipack Brines with Niskin and HP5L fitted on the Scipack Interface brine-sediments and sediments with multicorrer Sampling? 2- BioDeep – WP5 – Marseilles, 13-15th April 2002

  3. Topics and measurements realized Respiration (CO2) Organic polymers ectoenzymatic activities organic monomers Uptake of compounds < 600 Da Bacterial production prokariotic 3- BioDeep – WP5 – Marseilles, 13-15th April 2002

  4. GA GR EAA BP PA References for ectoenzymatic activity, bacterial production and glutamic acid uptake in the whole “normal” water column pmol L-1 Glutamate uptake (pmol L-1) 0 200 400 600 800 0 5000 10000 15000 0 500 1000 1500 Depth (m) 2000 2500 3000 GA: glutamic acid assimilation GR: glutamic acid respiration BP: bacterial biomass EAA: aminopeptidase activity PA: phosphatase activity 3500 0 5 10 Bacterial production (ng C L-1) 4- BioDeep – WP5 – Marseilles, 13-15th April 2002

  5. "Normal" sea-water 3000m-depth Seawater – brine interface Body brine Brine – sediment interface nmol L-1 h-1 Sediment 0-2 cm µmol L-1 h-1 Sediment 2-4 cm L’Atalante basin: an exemple of vertical profile ofaminopeptidase rates 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 5

  6. 4000 3500 3000 D: Discovery 2500 -1 pM h 2000 A: L’Atalante 1500 1000 U: Urania 500 D D D D D A A A A A U U U U U B B B B B DW DW DW DW DW B: Bannock 0 DW: Deep-water Aminopeptidase Phosphatase 40 0.9 4.0 0.8 35 3.5 0.7 30 3.0 0.6 25 -1 2.5 0.5 pM h 20 2.0 ng C L-1 h-1 0.4 15 1.5 0.3 10 1.0 0.2 5 0.5 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.1 n.d. 0.0 0 0.0 Glutamate Assimilation Glutamate respiration Bacterial Production Seawater – brine interface: differences between rates for the four basins n.d.: not determined 6

  7. D: Discovery A: L’Atalante U: Urania D D D D D A A A A A U U U U U B B B B B DW DW DW DW DW B: Bannock DW: Deep-water -1 pM h Body brine: differences between rates for the four basins 1600 7000 1400 6000 1200 5000 -1 1000 pM h 4000 800 3000 600 2000 400 1000 200 0 0 n.d.: not determined Aminopeptidase Phosphatase 0.9 40 4.0 0.8 35 3.5 0.7 30 3.0 0.6 25 2.5 0.5 20 2.0 0.4 ng C L-1 h-1 15 1.5 0.3 10 1.0 0.2 0.5 5 0.1 n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.0 0.0 0 Glutamate Assimilation Glutamate respiration Bacterial Production 7

  8. D: Discovery A: L’Atalante U: Urania D D D D D A A A A A U U U U U B B B B B DW DW DW DW DW B: Bannock DW: Deep-water 0.9 40 4.0 0.8 35 3.5 0.7 30 3.0 0.6 25 -1 2.5 0.5 pM h 20 2.0 0.4 ng C L-1 h-1 15 1.5 0.3 10 1.0 0.2 0.5 5 0.1 n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.0 0.0 0 Glutamate Assimilation Glutamate respiration Bacterial Production Body brine: differences between rates for the four basins 1600 7000 1400 6000 1200 5000 -1 1000 pM h 4000 800 3000 600 2000 400 1000 200 0 0 n.d.: not determined Aminopeptidase Phosphatase 7

  9. D: Discovery A: L’Atalante U: Urania D D D D A A A A U U U U B B B B SW SW SW SW B: Bannock SW: Sediments outside basin Brine – sediment interface : differences between rates for the four basins 6000 5000 4000 -1 pM h 3000 2000 1000 n.d. n.d. 0 Aminopeptidase Phosphatase n.d.: not determined 22167 13535 400 350 300 250 -1 pM h 200 150 100 50 n.d. n.d. 0 Glutamate Assimilation Glutamate respiration 8

  10. 140 120 DISCOVERY sediments collected with box correr (Biodeep cruise – August 2000) 100 -1 80 D: Discovery µM h 60 A: L’Atalante 40 20 U: Urania 0 D D D A A A U U U B B B SW SW SW B: Bannock SW: Sediments outside brine Sediments: differences between rates for the four basins l.d. l.d. l.d. Aminopeptidase Phosphatase l.d.: lower than detectable 4000 3500 3000 2500 -1 nM h 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Glutamate respiration 10- BioDeep – WP5 – Marseilles, 13-15th April 2002

  11. 140 120 100 -1 80 D: Discovery µM h 60 A: L’Atalante 40 20 U: Urania 0 D D D A A A U U U B B B SW SW SW B: Bannock SW: Sediments outside brine Sediments: differences between rates for the four basins l.d. l.d. l.d. Aminopeptidase Phosphatase l.d.: lower than detectable 4000 3500 3000 2500 -1 nM h 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Glutamate respiration 9 - BioDeep – WP5 – Marseilles, 13-15th April 2002

  12. Are DHABs’ bacteria adapted to these extreme environmental conditions? • - HP: samples maintained in ambient condition • (anoxia, high pressure, ionic equilibrium…) • + guarantee for aseptic condition • DEC: samples decompressed (change in pressure, ionic equilibrium,anoxia?…) High Pressure Bottle 10 - BioDeep – WP5 – Marseilles, 13-15th April 2002

  13. HP DEC Pe NSW Pe brine Average = 10.3 n = 13 Average = 11,5 n = 7 Pe = rates measured in ambient condition = rates measured on samples decompressed Are DHABs’ bacteria adapted to these extreme environmental conditions? 11

  14. Conclusion • Bacterial activities were detected within all niches sampled: seawater – brine interface, brine, brine – sediment interface and sediment of all DHABs • Distribution of studies activities within the different niches differ for each basin • Aminopeptidase activity was higher in brines comparatively to "normal" deep-sea water • Glutamic acid uptake in DHABs sediment was lower than in "normal" deep sediments • Brine-living bacteria appear to be adapted to these special ambient conditions (high pressure, high salinity, anoxia,…) • It’s the first demonstration of bacterial activities using an experimental strategy which avoided pressure, oxic, …, stresses during retrieval, incubation and sub-sampling. 12 - BioDeep – WP5 – Marseilles, 13-15th April 2002

  15. Bacteria adapted? • But also bacteria originated of the seawater column We pointed out life and activities with bacteria adapted Discussion… Interface or brine sampling? We need result. Is it possible to have safe samples in interface like within the body brine? We have seen the difficulties to compare results obtained at the interface. Maybe, it is more reasonnable to intensify sampling within the bodin brine… 12 - BioDeep – WP5 – Marseilles, 13-15th April 2002

  16. Thanks for your attention…

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