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英语高考解题指导 (浙江试卷 2006-2010 年单项选择) 一. 宁波四中:武敏. 讲座的目的 让同学们了解高考单项选择的考点分布和重点考查范围。 通过对五年高考试题的分析,帮助同学们归纳和总结重要的考点和难点。 帮助同学们了解和掌握解题技巧,有目的地学习和应试,跳出题海,达到事半功倍的目的。. 课时安排:. 第一课时: 高考试卷的结构与特点;冠词、代词、名词、形容词、副词、介词及固定习语 。 第二课时: 动词与动词词组;动词的时态和语态;情态动词;非谓语动词 第三课时:
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英语高考解题指导 (浙江试卷2006-2010年单项选择)一 宁波四中:武敏
讲座的目的 • 让同学们了解高考单项选择的考点分布和重点考查范围。 • 通过对五年高考试题的分析,帮助同学们归纳和总结重要的考点和难点。 • 帮助同学们了解和掌握解题技巧,有目的地学习和应试,跳出题海,达到事半功倍的目的。
课时安排: • 第一课时: 高考试卷的结构与特点;冠词、代词、名词、形容词、副词、介词及固定习语 。 • 第二课时: 动词与动词词组;动词的时态和语态;情态动词;非谓语动词 • 第三课时: 名词性从句;定语从句;状语从句;倒装;情景交际)
3、2006-2010年浙江省高考英语试卷 单项选择所考语法点分布
4、高考单选试题特点: 1、近六年单项填空试题难度基本持平: 2、覆盖面广,重点突出,主次分明,常用的重点语法考查得多,注重考查考生的实际应用能力。即在特定的语境中考查语法、词法、句法知识的灵活运用。 3、突出了语言的交际功能。考查了具体语境中运用语言知识的能力。 4、突出了对动词的考查,着重考查动词的词义辨析、动词短语、情态动词、非谓语动词、时态及语态。
5、单选试题解题方法与技巧 • 解题原则:1.逻辑意思2.语法结构3.固定搭配(三合一)。 • 细心审题,看清题干和四个选项,在充分理解题干的基础上答题。切忌草率选择,否则可能掉入陷阱。 • 解析题干,努力发现所考查的知识点并揣摩命题者的意图。 • 要注意题干所提供的特定语境的作用。 • 确定为答案的选项必须在意义上和语法上都能成立。 • 对于考查词汇辨析、短语的题目要同时注意句子的意义和结构搭配。 • 在做交际用语的题目时,逐一排除母语的干扰。
6、高考说明: :语法项目表(1) • 1.名词; • 2.代词; • 3.数词; • 4.介词和介词短语; • 5.连词; • 6.形容词(比较级和最高级); • 7.副词(比较级和最高级) • 8.冠词; • 9.动词((1)动词的基本形式;(2)系动词;(3)及物动词和不及物动词;(4)助动词; • (5)情态动词)
高考说明:语法项目表(2) • 10.时态:(7)和(10)是2009年新增的 • (1)一般现在时;(2)一般过去时; • (3)一般将来时;(4)现在进行时; • (5)过去进行时;(6)过去将来时; • (7)将来进行时;(8)现在完成时; • (9)过去完成时;(10)现在完成进行时 • 11.被动语态; • 12.非谓语动词; • 13.构词法((1)合成法、(2)派生法、 • (3)转化法、(4)缩写和简写)
高考说明:语法项目表(3) • 14.句子种类: • (1)陈述句;(2)疑问句;(3)祈使句;(4)感叹句; • 15.句子成分: • (1)主语;(2)谓语;(3)表语;(4)宾语;(5)定语;(6)状语;(7)补语 • 16.简单句的基本句型; • 17.主谓一致; • 18.并列复合句 • 19.主从复合句: • (1)宾语从句;(2)状语从句;(3)定语从句;4)主语从句;(5)表语从句 (同位语从句未列入,但是2009年12小题考点是同位语从句。) • 20.间接引语 • 21.省略 • 22.倒装 • 23.强调(2009年列入考试范围) • 24.虚拟语气( 2009年列入考试范围)
6、备考建议: 夯实语言基础,重视知识点归纳和辨析,如:动词make、get、set的固定搭配;各种从句之间、各种时态之间的比较;代词that, one,it用法比较等。不要在英语语法学习上“钻牛角尖”。 考试题目千变万化,但万变不离其宗,常考的知识毕竟有限,因此复习的重点应放在常考、易混、难记的知识点上。单项填空主要考查三个方面: 1、英语语法知识; 2、对近义词或习惯用语的辨析; 3、日常交际用语。
冠词(2010) 2.Many lifestyle patterns do such _____ great harm to health that they actually speed up _____weakening of the human body. A.a; / B./; the C.a; the D./; / 解析: 句意:许多生活方式对人类的健康有害,他们加速了人类身体的衰退。 固定词组:do harm to 对……有害。weakening是由动词的ing形式表示抽象的名词,表达一种概念、状况时需要加上the。 答案:B
冠词(2009) 2.I don’t understand what the engineer means, but I’ve got ___ rough idea of ____project plan. A. the; a B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the 解析:句意:我不明白那个工程师的意思,但我已经大致了解了这个项目计划。 have a rough idea of 固定短语“大致了解”。 本句plan 是特指。 答案:D
冠词(2008) 2. ____ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ___head. • An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填 解析:第一个空是泛指。 第二个空是固定句式:“动词+sb+介词+ the +身体某一个部位”,答案是:A • take sb.by the arm • hit sb. on the nose • be red in the face • be blind in the eye
冠词(2007) 4.I like __color of your skirt. It is __ good match for your blouse. A.a; the B.a; a C.the; a D.the; the 解析:第一个空是特指; 第二个空是固定搭配。 a good match 非常相配 答案是C。
冠词(2006) 3. Don’t worry if you can’t come to __ party. - I’ll save __cake for you. A. the ; some B. a ; much C. the ; any D. a ; little 解析: 第一个空:聚会是特指,双方都知道的事情。 第二个空:根据排除法B、D错误;C项常用语否定句和疑问句。 答案:A
冠词的命题趋势: 1、冠词的基本用法仍是考查的重点。 2、把不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词结合起来考。 3、关注不定冠词的泛指用法和定冠词的特指用法。 4、关注固定短语、特殊句型在冠词中的活用。
考点二: 代词的的命题趋势 • 在整体把握各类代词(人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词和不定代词的基础上,应重点掌握不定代词和替代词(it;one; that; ones; those)的用法和区别。 • It表时间、天气、距离等,习惯句型及it作形式主语和形式宾语。
代词(2006) 14. If you can’t decide which of the two books to borrow, why don’t you take ______? I won’t read them this week. A. all B. any C. either D. both 解析:题干中two books 为解题关键。A和B指三者或三者以上。 答案:D
代词(2010) 14.that’s important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction. A.One B.All C.Everything D.Anything 解析:根据语境:重要的是你正在努力并且朝着正确的方向前行。 答案:B
代词(2008) 9. – I’d like some more cheese. – Sorry, there’s ___ left. • some B. none C. a little D. few 答案:B 解析: none 相当于no+前面提到的名词
强调句型(2007) 10.It _____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common. A.was until; when B.was until; that C.wasn’t until;when D.wasn’t until; that 解析:句意:知道我们一起呆了几个星期以后,我才发现我们有许多共同之处。 答案:D • 句型:It was not until … + that +主语+动词过去式+ ... 强凋 “直到…才…” He didn’t go home until he finished his work.变为强调句型: It was not until he finished his work that he went home.
代词(2007) 16.--- He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller. --- When was _____? --- _____ was in 2000 when he was still in college. A.that;This B.this;It C.It ; This D.that;It 答案:D 解析:句意:---他的第一本书出版了,很畅销。--是什么时候的事?---是在2000年,当时他还在上大学。 that指上文提到的事。 第二个空是强调句型,省略了that he got his first book published
强调句型(2009) • 4.-I’ve read another book this week. -Well, maybe _____ is not how much you read but what you read that counts. A.this B. that C. there D. it 解析:句意:--这周我又看了一本书。---嘿,也许重要的不是你看了多少,而是看了什么。 考查强调句型:It is/was +被强调部分+that从句。 答案:D
温馨提示:关注it的用法 1. it作人称代词,代替前面提到的事物. 2. it指代时间,季节,距离. 3. it作形式宾语, 4. it作形式主语. 当动名词,不定式,从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语的句型。 5. It is\was … that….的强调句型.
1.注意下列几种表示时间的句型 • ①.It is time ( about time ,high time ) that ... • ◆ It’s high time that we left. • ②.It is the first ( second ... ) time that ... • ◆ It’s the first time that I have been praised. • ③.It is .... since ... • ◆ It’s three years since they got married. • ④..It will be / was ... before ...过…才… • ◆ It will be two years before we meet again. • ④ It won’t be \wasn’t … before…没过…就… • ◆ It won’t be long before we meet again.
2.it 作形式宾语: We think it important to learn a foreign language. 常用的动词:think, believe, make, find, consider, feel; 句型: 主语+动词+it +n/adj.+to do sth/ that-clause I think it our duty to protect our environment. I feel it important to take part in social activities.
3.形式主语:常见句型 句型1:It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 常见的形容词有: important, necessary, natural, easy ,safe ,common , hard ,difficult ,dangerous , unusual, impossible , It is important for us to protect our environment. 句型2:It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 常见的形容词有: brave , careless, clever , cruel , foolish ,kind , lazy , modest , naughty , nice(有教养的), polite, rude , silly , stupid , wise , wrong 这个句型可以改写为:sb. is kind to do sth. It is very kind of you to help me.
句型3. It takes sb. ... to do sth. “做…要花某人…” • It took me ages to repair my computer. • 句型4. It is no good (use ) doing sth. • It’s no use crying over the spilt milk.覆水难收 • 句型5. It doesn’t matter whether ( if ) ..."不论(是否)…没关系… • It doesn’t matter whether he is for my plan or not. • 句型6.It remains to be seen whether… • “能否…有待观察、证实” • It remains to be seen whether he will adapt to the new environment.
句型7. It happens (seems, appears ) that...碰巧(看起来)… • It so happened that I had seen this problem in some book. 句型8.It is said (reported, learned....) that ... “据说”(据报道,据悉...) • It is said that he has gone to New York to attend a medical meeting. 句型9. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ...很遗憾… • It is a pity that we have lost the match with a close score.
句型10.It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural...) that ...记住that 后的从句应用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形),should 可以省去. • It is important that she (should ) come to the party 句型11. It is suggested ( ordered ... ) that ... that 后的从句要用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形),should 可以省.常译为"据建议;有命令…) 句型12. It is up to sb. to do sth.“该由某人做…” • It is up to him to clean our classroom today. 今天应由他做教室清洁。
4. 强调句型: • It is/was + 被强调部分 + that \ who+其他成分... • It was in the library that I met him yesterday. • Is/was+ it + 被强调部分 + that \ who+其他成分... • Was it in the library that you met him yesterday? • 疑问词+is/was + 被强调部分 + that \ who+其他成分... • Where was it that you met him yesterday. • It was not until … + that +主语+动词过去式+ ... 强凋“直到…才…” • It was not until he finished his work that he went home.
巩固练习强调句型 B 1. It was only when I reread his poems recently ____I began to appreciate their beauty. A.until B.thatC.thenD.So 2.____computers play such an important part in our daily life?A.Why it is thatB.Why is it thatC.Why was it thatD.Why is it B
考点三: 形容词和副词命题趋势: 1、形容词、副词比较级,最高级常用句型 2、形容词的倍数表达法 3、形容词、副词辨析 4、根据语境意义确定形容词和副词
形容词和副词(2010) 6.I have been convinced that the print media are usually more and more reliable than television. A.accurate B.ridiculous C.urgent D.shallow • 解析:本题考查形容词辨析。 • 句意:我确信印刷媒体常常会比电视更准确、更可靠。 • accurate 精确的;ridiculous可笑的,滑稽的; • urgent紧急的; shallow浅的,肤浅的。 • 答案:A
形容词和副词(2010) 11.Do you think shopping online will ____take the place of shopping in stores? A.especially B.Frequently C.Merely D.Finally 解析:本题考查副词辨析。 句意:你认为网上购物最终会替代商场购物吗? • especially 特别,尤其;frequently 经常; • merely仅仅; finally最终。 • 答案:D
形容词和副词、(2010) 19. Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun. Isn’t it rather risky, ____? • though B. also C. either D. too 解析:本题考查副词辨析。 句意:在冰场上玩耍听起来很有趣。然而(可是)会不会有危险呢? 前后两句之前是明显的转折关系,所以选择though。 though adv.=inspite of this, however 可是、虽然如此、然而、但是 He promised to phone,I heard nothing ,though.他答应来电话,可我没听到回信。
形容词和副词、(2009) 5.The incomes of skilled workers went up. ___, unskilled workers saw their earnings fall. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Meanwhile D. Otherwise 句意:有经验的工人的工资在上涨,但同时没有经验的工人却看着他们的工资下降。(根据句意是指有经验的工人和没经验的工人工资涨落情况的对比.) moreover而且 ; therefore因此/所以 ; meanwhile 同时; otherwise不同地 / 在其他方面 答案: C
形容词和副词(2009) 15.John is very __________. -if he promises to do something he’ll do it. A. independent B. confident C. reliable D. flexible 解析:independent 独立的 ; confident 自信的 ; reliable可靠的; flexible有弹性的、 灵活的 答案:C
形容词和副词(2009) 19.In the good care of the nurses, the boy is ___recovering from his heart operation. A. quietly B. actually C. practically D. gradually 解析:句意:在护士的精心护理下,小男孩逐渐从心脏手术中恢复过来。 quietly轻轻地 actually事实上 practically实际上、事实上 gradually逐渐地 答案:D
形容词和副词(2008) 3. I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times___. • as much B. as many C. so much D. so many 答案: A. 解析:考查倍数句型。补全句子是:but it costs almost three times as much as that one.指钱用much。 常用的表示倍数的三个句型: (1)...times as+形容词原级+as... This table is 3 times as big as that one. (2)...times the+性质名词+of... (性质名词height高 length长 weight重 size大) This table is 3 times the size of that one. (3)...times+形容词比较级+than... This table is 2 times bigger than that one.