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URBANIZATION or HOW CITIES GROW

URBANIZATION or HOW CITIES GROW. Geography 1050 The geography of cities. Outline. Global patterns of urbanization Differences in urbanization between MDCs and LDCs Urbanization and the population question Urban service provision and urban economies in LDC cities. URBANIZATION & CITIES.

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URBANIZATION or HOW CITIES GROW

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  1. URBANIZATIONorHOW CITIES GROW Geography 1050 The geography of cities

  2. Outline • Global patterns of urbanization • Differences in urbanization between MDCs and LDCs • Urbanization and the population question • Urban service provision and urban economies in LDC cities

  3. URBANIZATION & CITIES • Urbanization refers to the proportion of people in living in cities. • It also refers to the process in which rural populations move to urban areas. • Urbanization refers to all of the cities in a country, considered as an urban system. • The urban system is the network of individual cities within a region or country.

  4. The World At Night

  5. The United States, The World And Europe At Night

  6. Urban and Rural Population, Less Developed Countries 1950 to 2025

  7. Urbanization • The urbanization curve is typically logistic or S-shaped

  8. <1.5X ~3X % of population living in urban areas in major world regions, 1950, 1975, 2000 and 2025 2X ~4X ~3X

  9. Sources of Urbanization • The urban system of a country grows mainly by: • Natural population increase (births – deaths) • Migration from rural areas (especially in countries with large rural populations) • Immigration from other countries (especially in Europe and North America) • Reclassification of urban boundaries to encompass formerly rural areas

  10. Outline • Global patterns of urbanization • Differences in urbanization between MDCs and LDCs • Urbanization and the population question • Urban service provision and urban economies in LDC cities

  11. MDCs Slow pre-industrial growth Rapid industrial growth Slows again once most previously rural populations are in cities Europe, North America, Australia and Japan, the population is 75% to 80% urban. Canada is 80% urbanized. LDCs Rapid urbanization without proportional industrialization (population growth, land tenure) By 2020 majority of LDC population will live in urban areas of 1 million+ By 2020 most megacities of 10 million+ will be in LDCs Urbanization in MDCs and LDCs

  12. Urbanization MDC urbanization LDC urbanization • The urbanization curve is typically logistic or S-shaped

  13. Urban Growth is Speeding Up Time required to reach 2 million population: Rome, Italy 2000 years Vienna, Austria 400 years Vancouver, B.C. 115 years Shenzhen, China 20 years

  14. Share of World Population Growth Urban and Rural Areas LDCs and MDCs 1950 to 2025 • Over the next quarter century, increases in urbanization will be almost entirely attributable to sub-Saharan Africa and Asia

  15. Cities with 10 million or more people 2015

  16. Outline • Global patterns of urbanization • Differences in urbanization between MDCs and LDCs • Urbanization and the population question • Urban service provision and urban economies in LDC cities

  17. Share of World Population Growth Urban and Rural Areas LDCs and MDCs 1950 to 2025 • Over the next quarter century, increases in urbanization will be almost entirely attributable to sub-Saharan Africa and Asia

  18. Urbanization & the population questionThomas Malthus and Malthusianism “I SAID that population, when unchecked, increased in a geometrical ratio, and subsistence for man in an arithmetical ratio.” Thomas Malthus. 1798. An Essay on the Principle of Population Available at http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/ 1766-1834

  19. Urbanization & the population question Subsistence Pop. Time

  20. Urbanization & the population questionThomas Malthus and Malthusianism • Solution to unchecked population growth: inculcate ‘middle-class’ values in the ‘lower-classes’ • Advocated universal sufferage, state-run education • But his analysis of population growth has been used to naturalize the idea of ‘overpopulation’ as a purely mathematical problem ---> buries struggles for power (politics) in apparently objective language of math. 1766-1834

  21. Urbanization & the population question Source: Marshall, J. 2005

  22. Urbanization & the population question Source: Marshall, J. 2005

  23. Urbanization & the population question Source: Marshall, J. 2005

  24. Urbanization & the population question Source: Marshall, J. 2005

  25. Urbanization & the population question www.pivotlegal.org/pivot/points/DownEast.htm

  26. Urbanization & the population question http://faculty.law.ubc.ca/Pue/grlawsocspring03/Image7.gif

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