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UNC-Chapel Hill NanoScience Education Group

CONTENTS. 1. Introduction. 2. Virus Structure. 3. Virus Replication. 4. Virology. 5. Virus and Medicine. 6. Review. WELCOME! The purpose of this instructional module is to enhance your knowledge about viruses, their structure and how they replicate. You can go through our course in order or jump t

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UNC-Chapel Hill NanoScience Education Group

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    1. UNC-Chapel Hill NanoScience Education Group

    2. CONTENTS

    4. WHAT IS A VIRUS?

    6. Why are some viruses harmful?

    7. Examples of some viral diseases:

    8. Who do viruses infect? Viruses infect Bacteria These viruses are called bacteriophages Viruses infect Plants One example is the Tobacco Mosaic Virus Viruses infect Animals One example is the common cold

    9. Lets look at the Defining Properties of Viruses Viruses are parasites that invade cells Viruses have either DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid) or RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) Viruses direct the synthesis of new virus within a host cell. Newly made viruses infect other cells.

    10. Cell Biology Let's review a little cell biology since viruses cannot multiply without the help of cells. The viruses enter the cell and forces the cell to make more viruses.

    11. DNA/RNA DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, is the double-stranded molecule that encodes genetic information (e.g. your hair color, height, etc.) in the nucleus of cells. The complete set of DNA in a cell is called the genome.

    12. PROTEINS

    13. How small is a virus?

    15. Virus Structure

    16. Helical Capsids Helical capsids are rod-like structures with the RNA in the center of the helix. A helix is made by stacking repeating units in a spiral.

    17. Tobacco Mosaic Virus

    18. Icosahedral Capsids Some viral protein subunits assemble to make polyhedral (many sided) structures. The most common structure is the icosahedron. An icosahedron has 20 triangular faces and has 2-fold, 3-fold and 5-fold symmetry axes.

    19. Icosahedral Capsids The DNA or RNA is found in the center or the core of the capsid.

    20. Images of Icosahedral Viruses

    21. Adenovirus

    22. Bacteriophage

    23. Enveloped Viruses

    24. How do viruses replicate?

    25. Replication Phases V - Release Assembly of virus DNA and protein coat into whole new viruses Leaving the cell

    26. Replication: Enveloped Virus

    27. Replication : Non-Enveloped Virus

    28. The concept of a virus as an organism challenges the way we define life: * Viruses do not breathe. * Viruses do not metabolize. * Viruses do not grow. * However, they do reproduce.

    29. Are Viruses Living?

    30. A Brief History of Virology

    31. Techniques to Study Viruses

    33. Viruses Can Help Cells, Too

    34. The End! And Review Viruses are very simple: a shell containing either DNA or RNA. There are two main structures: helix and icosahedral. They infect by hijacking cells machinery to force them to make more viruses. Viruses are tiny, even compared to a cell. Some viruses may prove useful in gene therapy as natural carriers of DNA that was specially designed to be good for a particular reason.

    35. Acknowledgements Dr. Gail Jones, Project Director Dr. Rich Superfine, CO-PI (UNC-CH) Dr. Russell Taylor, CO-PI (UNC-CH) Tom Andre, investigator (Iowa State Univ.) Tom Tretter, science education Atsuko Negishi, researcher James Minogue, science education David Marshburn, computer science Dennis Kubasko Nina Daye Kristie Mabry Elan and Rajeev Dassani, designers Douglas McCarthy, virology National Science Foundation, grant No. 0087389 NanoScience Education Group at UNC-Chapel Hill

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