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Theories & Models for Public Intervention

This guide explores the significance of theories and models in public health interventions, outlining how they provide a foundation for practice, save time and effort, and strengthen future efforts. It explains the difference between theories and models, detailing core components such as concepts, constructs, and variables. Key theories discussed include the Stimulus-Response Theory, Social Cognitive Theory, Theory of Reasoned Action, and Health Belief Model. With insights into concepts like self-efficacy and behavioral change, this resource is valuable for health professionals aiming to enhance their intervention strategies.

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Theories & Models for Public Intervention

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  1. Theories & Models for Public Intervention HSC 489

  2. Why theory? Why models? • Provides a foundation • Saves time & effort • Furthers the profession • Strengthens future efforts

  3. A theory is… Summary of formal or informal observations presented in a systematic way Helps to explain, predict, describe, or manage behavior developed over time A model is… based on a theory A how to A framework (guidelines) for intervention Remember this? : Theory versus Model

  4. The Parts of A Theory • Concepts – the primary elements of the theory • Constructs – a concept developed or adopted for use in a particular theory • Variables – operational forms of constructs (determine how a construct will be measured)

  5. Some Useful Theories/Models • Stimulus Response Theory • Social Cognitive Theory • Theory of Reasoned Action • Theory of Planned Behavior • Health Belief Model • Transtheoretical Model (SofC)

  6. Stimulus Response Theory • Based on (classical & instrumental) Conditioning • Learning results from events (reinforcements) • Consequences of behavior • Reinforcement (Negative and Positive) or Punishment (Negative and Positive)

  7. Efficacy Expectations: Self-efficacy Believe you can! It’s not self-esteem It’s task-specific Developed through shaping Outcome Expectations: Believe it will make a difference! Reciprocal determinism: person, behavior, environment Locus of control: internal vs. external Social Cognitive Theory: Efficacy + Outcome Expectations

  8. Individuals become more self-efficacious in 4 ways: • Thru performance accomplishments • Thru vicarious experience • A result of verbal persuasion • Thru emotional arousal arousal

  9. Three More Theories/Models: In A Nutshell... Theory of Reasoned Action Short Version of TPB • Theory of Planned • Behavior • attitude toward beh. • subjective norm • Intention • perceived behavioral control • = behavior Health Belief Model Perceived threat = perceived susceptibility + perceived severity Perceived barriers

  10. Transtheoretical Model Stages of Change Theory • Precontemplation • Contemplation • Preparation • Action • Maintenance • Decisional Balance • Self-Efficacy • Processes of Change

  11. Stimulus Response T. Social Cognitive T. T. of Reasoned Action T. of Planned Behavior Health Belief M. Transtheoretical M. What was that?!

  12. Use micro & macro Avoid scare tactics Avoid mandates Foster ownership Build incentives, attach to rewards Shape behaviors Use social support Intervention Ideas

  13. Resources • Theory at a Glance: A Guide for Health Promotion Practice (NIH pub) http://cancer.gov/cancerinformation/theory-at-a-glance

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