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Lower Evaluation

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This guide delves into the intricate anatomy of the knee, including bones, ligaments such as the ACL, PCL, MCL, and LCL, as well as key muscle groups. It also covers various knee injuries like sprains, tears, tendonitis, bursitis, and fractures, detailing treatment options including the PRICE method for first aid and surgical interventions for severe cases. Special tests for diagnosing knee injuries are discussed, offering insights into effective rehabilitation strategies to optimize recovery.

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Lower Evaluation

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Lower Evaluation The Knee

  2. Anatomy: Bones

  3. Anterior Cruciate Ligament • Posterior Cruciate Ligament • Medial Collateral Ligament • Lateral Collateral Ligament • Meniscus Anatomy :Ligaments

  4. Quadriceps • Rectus Femoris • VastusMedialis • VastusMedialis Oblique • VastusLateralis • Hamstrings • Biceps Femoris • Semi-Membranosis • Semi-Tendinosis • Abductory Muscles • Illiotibial Band • Sartorius • Etc. • Adductor Muscles • Gracilis • Adductor Magnus Anatomy: Muscles

  5. Muscles

  6. The all too infamous ACL Sprain • PRICE • If a grade 3, then surgery Injuries

  7. PCL Sprain • PRICE • In some cases c grade 3, surgery Injuries

  8. LCL Sprain • PRICE • Surgery if grade three • Simple rehabilitation Injuries

  9. MCL sprain • PRICE • Surgery if grade three • Simple rehabilitation • Heals faster than LCL because of blood supply Injuries

  10. Meniscus Tear • PRICE • No real way to fix other than surgery Injuries

  11. STRAIN • SAME AS THE FOOT/ANKLE Injuries

  12. Fracture • PRICE • Surgery Injuries

  13. Arthritis • No fix • If bad enough, then knee replacement Injuries

  14. Contusion • Bruise • PRICE • If no compression, then can calcify Injuries

  15. Plica • Usually goes away after adolescence • Some have to have surgery for removal Injuries

  16. Tendonitis • RICE • Modify workout routine Injuries

  17. Bursitis • PRICE • Sometimes may need to be drained if infected Injuries

  18. Fat Pad Contusion • RICE Injuries

  19. Compartment Syndrome • Most of the time will result in surgery • Tingling sensation followed by pain Injuries

  20. Dislocations/Subluxations • PRICE • Reduction via surgery Injuries

  21. Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome • RICE • May need to change shoes Injuries

  22. Osgood Schlatter • Repeated avulsion of the patellar tendon at the tibial tuberosity • Repeated strain on the patellar tendon Injuries

  23. Osteochondral Knee Fx • Fx of articular cartilage and underlying bone on the WB surface of the tibia, femur, or under the patella and creates fragments of the bone and/or cartilage that vary in size and depth • Results from rotation/direct trauma that compressed the cartilage b/w the Medial/Lateral femoral condyles and the tibial plateau Injuries

  24. OsteochondritisDissecans • Painful condition involving partial/complete separation of a piece of articular cartilage and subchondral bone • AKA joint mice • Exact cause if unknown Injuries

  25. Peroneal Nerve Contusion • Compression of the peroneal nerve • Behind the neck of the fibula • Direct blow/kick Injuries

  26. Chondromalacia Patella • Softening and deterioration of the articular cartilage on the back of the patella • 3 stages • 1: swelling/softening of the cartilage • 2: fissuring of the softened cartilage • 3: deformation of the surface of the cartilage by fragmentation Injuries

  27. Larsen-Johansson Disease • Repeated avulsion of the patellar tendon at the inferior pole of the patella • Excessive repeated strain on the patellar tendon Injuries

  28. PRICE

  29. Anterior Drawer • ACL sprain Special Tests

  30. Posterior Drawer Test • PCL Special Tests

  31. Posterior Sag Test (Godfrey’s) • PCL Special Tests

  32. Lachman’s Test • ACL Special Tests

  33. Valgus Stress Test • MCL • Varus Stress Test • LCL Special Tests

  34. Apprehension Test • Patella Dislocation Special Tests

  35. Pivot Shift Test • ACL Special Tests

  36. Patellar Tendon Rupture Test • Self explanatory Special Tests

  37. Apley’s Distraction/Compression Test • Meniscus tear/ faking Special Tests

  38. McMurray’s Test • Meniscal lesion Special Tests

  39. Thessaly’s Test • Meniscal lesion Special Tests

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