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Diabetes

Diabetes. Diabetes. Definition Types Pathophysiology Diagnostic tests. Diabetes classic symptoms. Polyurea Polydipsia Polyphasia History of recent , sudden weight loss. Types of Diabetes. Two most common types Type 1 Type 2 Other types Gestational Prediabetes Secondary diabetes.

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Diabetes

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  1. Diabetes

  2. Diabetes • Definition • Types • Pathophysiology • Diagnostic tests

  3. Diabetes classic symptoms • Polyurea • Polydipsia • Polyphasia • History of recent , sudden weight loss

  4. Types of Diabetes • Two most common types • Type 1 • Type 2 • Other types • Gestational • Prediabetes • Secondary diabetes

  5. Diagnostic tests • History and physical • Blood test • Urine • ECG • BP • Weight • Dental exam

  6. Blood Glucose monitors

  7. Glucose Continuum

  8. Type I Diabetes • Description • Causes • Diagnostic tests • Sign and symptoms • Treatments

  9. Normal Insulin Secretion

  10. Insulin Preparations

  11. Insulin Pen

  12. Subcutaneous Injection Sites

  13. Type II Diabetes • Description • Causes • Diagnostic tests • Sign and symptoms • Treatments

  14. Diabetes Ketoacidosis

  15. Diabetic Ketoacidosis

  16. Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome

  17. Nursing management DKA/HHS • Patient closely monitored • Administration • IV fluids • Insulin therapy • Electrolytes • Assessment • Renal status • Cardiopulmonary status • Level of consciousness • Patient closely monitored • Signs potassium imbalance • Cardiac monitoring • Vital signs

  18. Types of Insulin • Rapid-acting: Lispro (Humalog), Aspart (Novolog), and glulisine (Apidra), Exubera • Short-acting: Regular • Intermediate-acting: NPH • Long-acting: Glargine (Lantus), detemir (Levemir)

  19. Oral Agents • Sulfonylureas • Meglitinides • Biguanides • α-Glucosidase inhibitors • Thiazolidinediones

  20. DiabetesNutritional Therapy • Cornerstone of care for person with diabetes • Most challenging for many people • Recommended that diabetes nurse educator and registered dietitian with diabetes experience be members of team • American Diabetes Association (ADA) • Guidelines indicate that within context of an overall healthy eating plan, person with diabetes can eat same foods as person who does not have diabetes

  21. Diabetes Exercise • Exercise • Essential part of diabetes management • ↑ Insulin receptor sites • Lowers blood glucose levels • Contributes to weight loss • Several small carbohydrate snacks can be taken every 30 minutes during exercise to prevent hypoglycemia • Best done after meals • Exercise plans should be started • After medical clearance • Slowly with gradual progression • Should be individualized • Monitor blood glucose levels before, during, and after exercise

  22. Nursing Diagnoses • Ineffective therapeutic regimen management • Risk for injury • Risk for infection • Powerlessness • Imbalanced nutrition: More than body requirements

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