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Lab

Lab. Worms, worms & worms. Class Turbellaria. planaria dugesia. Planaria. Dugesia. Asexual reproduction. Class Trematoda. male. male. female. female. Class Cestoida. tapeworm. scolex. tapeworm oncospheres. tapeworm cystericoids. tapeworm oncosphere. pinworm cystericoids.

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Lab

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  1. Lab Worms, worms & worms

  2. Class Turbellaria • planaria • dugesia

  3. Planaria

  4. Dugesia Asexual reproduction

  5. Class Trematoda male male female female

  6. Class Cestoida tapeworm scolex

  7. tapeworm oncospheres tapeworm cystericoids tapeworm oncosphere pinworm cystericoids

  8. Phylum Nematoda male is smaller, thinner & has a hooked end

  9. intestine intestine testes & vas deferens http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ybbnPj0t9Y

  10. Enterobiusvermicularis: human pinworm • most common roundworm parasite in the US • very common in children • adults live in the lower region of the large intestine • at night – gravid females migrate out of the cecum to the perianal area – deposit eggs – extreme itching • ingestion eggs continues the lifecycle

  11. Necatoramericanus: the New World hookworm • found in the southern US • adults live in the small intestine – hold onto the intestinal wall with teeth • feed on blood and tissue fluids • females may produce as many as 10,000 fertilized eggs per day which pass out through the feces • egg hatches in warm, moist soil and releases a small larvae called the rhabditiform larva • this larva molts to become the infective filariform larval stage – penetrate the skin of humans (between the toes) • burrows into the circulatory system • symptoms: most individuals with hookworm infection are asymptomatic • very high loads of the parasite or poor nutrition combined with infection lead to anemia. • pain in the stomach, pica (or dirt-eating), obstinate constipation followed by diarrhea, palpitations, small and unsteady pulse, coldness of the skin, pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, diminution of the secretions, loss of strength and, in cases running a fatal course, dysentery, haemorrhages and oedema. • hookworm prevalence is often higher among adult males

  12. Ascarislumbricoides: giant intestinal roundworm • 800 million humans worldwide may be infected • adults live in the small intestines of humans • penetrate the intestinal wall • generaliseddigestive disorders, such as a vague abdominal discomfort, nausea, colic. • may contribute to malnutrition in the host, • in heavy infections, the mass of worms may block the intestine and need to be surgically removed. • produce large numbers of fertilized eggs that exit with the feces • can be carried via the circulation to the lungs – molt twice, travel up the trachea and are swallowed • migration of larvae through the lungs can give rise to severe haemorrhagic pneumonia. • may lead to breathing difficulties, pneumonia and/or fever. • Infections with A.lumbricoides are easily treated with a number of anthelmintic drugs • levamisole, mebendazole, albendazole

  13. Trichinellaspiralis:porkworm • adults live in the mucosa of the small intestine of omnivores like pigs • in the intestine, the female gives birth to larvae that are carried to skeletal muscle • the young larvae encyst in the muscle and remain infective for many years – eaten by humans • causes the disease trichonosis • symptoms: usually start with fever, muscle soreness, pain and swelling around the eyes. Thirst, profuse sweating, chills, weakness and tiredness may develop. Chest pain may be experienced since the parasite may become imbedded in the diaphragm (the thin muscle separating the lungs from abdominal organs). • incubation period: 10 to 45 days • treatment: mebendazole, thiabendazole

  14. Wuchereris species: filarial worms • tropical countries • over 250 million humans infected – transmitted by mosquitos • larvae are threadlike in structure & live in the lymphatic system of humans • tend to clog up lymphatic vessels and block the return of lymphatic vessels to the CV system • results in an accumulation of fluids in the peripheral tissues – can result in extremely enlargened appendages known as elephantitis • in the U.S a filarial worm – Dirofilariaimmitis – lives in the large arteries of the heart and lungs of dogs - heartworm

  15. Phylum Annelida • Class Polychaeta– bristle worms • e.g. Nereis • marine worms • possess parapodia with setae • brightly colored – many are luminscent • range from plankton to burrowing species • found in all marine temperatures • Class Oligochaeta: marine and terrestrial worms • e.g. earthworms – Lumbricus • 700 species – native to Europe, invasive in North America • many lack parapodia and setae • Class Hirudinea: leeches

  16. Class Polycheata Eunice pennata Hermodicecarunculata X-mas tree worm plankton polycheate

  17. Class Polycheata

  18. Class Oligochaeta Lumbricus

  19. Class Oligochaeta (stomach) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zkSghTbgIjs

  20. Class Oligochaeta

  21. Class Oligochaeta metanephridia seminal vesicles pharynx hearts crop & gizzard (Stomach) dorsal blood vessel intestine

  22. Class Oligochaeta intestine stomach seminal vesicles hearts

  23. Class Oligochaeta intestine ventral nerve cord ventral blood vessel lateral nerves metanephridia

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