Urban growth and decline

1. Urban growth and decline By Samuel Gibble Tegangilchrist gabriellebrooks Kyle innis Hayley Durry-Taylor Matt Pearce

2. Out line the precise response for individuals and groups for Urban Growth and Decline

3. Urban growth is increasing populations of people moving into cities and towns. These cities and towns grow outward overtaking more of the natural environment. This is also sometimes called “Urban Sprawl. • This creates problems, as urban growth increases the following needs:

4. .Roads • .Sewer • .Pollution • .Wastes disposal systems • .Housing structures etc. • As these infrastructure needs continue we see a Decrease in the following: • .Natural environments • .Animal habitats • .Bushy barks and wild life

5. The individuals respond to urban growth by acting on, Clean up Australia day, Helping hands and dob a dumper. An individual person named Ian Kiernan, is the founder of a resolution to fix the problem of urban growth producing pollution, that activity is Clean up Australia day. • The government responds of Urban growth by encouraging people to get solar panel which save electricity and he encourages us to get water tanks to save water. The Government offers to pay for some of the cost so some people can afford to get solar panels and water tanks. The Government also encourages people to use recycle bins and compost.

6. impacts including an estimate of the economic and human costs of the issue • As a city of over 4 million people, Sydney has grown significantly since the economic boom of the 1950s. • To accommodate this growth, a number of plans have been developed to help this growth. • The Cumberland County Plan was proposed in 1948, was given a green belt encircling Sydney's urban region, stopping future growth to the west and keeping agricultural land between the city's border and also the Blue Mountain. • Australia is an urbanized country with about 85% of the population lives in costal areas, and most of the people live in urban areas with population of over 100,000 people. • Urbanisation has produced many issues in australian environments. While a lot of people may translate to econimic benefits, ever-expeandingpopultions have also brought with them many problems for both pysical and man made environments.

7. As our big cities grow, they have grown away from the center to accommodate people’s settlement needs, suburbs have been pushes outwards, and producing what is labeled as ‘urban sprawl’ This means that the natural environment suffers as more space is needed for more houses to be build and the development of industry. Sydney could actually be considered as the heart of urban Australia. The population of Sydney is predicted to be 4.9 million in the year 2026, so that means up to 3.9 million in only 20 years. Although, since 2000, Melbourne, Perth and Brisbane have recorded higher rates of population growth than Sydney. The intense urbanization has presented Australia with many challenges with the environment which governments have tried to respond to with policies aimed at achieving ‘urban renewal’ The much larger cities like Melbourne, demand more energy and that places more strain on our already scarce natural resources, such as water and energy. In Australia, out already unsustainable household energy consumes levels are alarming on the rise.

8. To act on the many challenges created by urban decline, governments have started to introduce housing and planning policies aimed at achieving 'urban renewal’ These terms describe how planners have begun trying to halt the spread of populations outward into fringe suburbs, by focusing on rejuvenating buildings, roads and public spaces that have gone into decline closer to the city center. http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-16%20_u-140_t-417_c-1465/urban-growth-and-decline/nsw/geography/issues-in-australian-environments/geographical-issues:-human-elements

9. Processes of Urban Decline. When Urban Decline occurs, in most regions they produce counterurbanisation and urban decay. Counterurbanisation is the opposite of Urbanization and urban decay is where Urban areas decay. Areas that mainly revolve around mining are most likely to fall into Urban decline. Mines close when resources are depleted, prices fall or global markets are lost. Population Decline happens mainly where Infrastructure and Community Services are poorly located because of loss of employment and jobs or loss of services e.g. Schools and hospitals. Urban growth also contributed to decline due to traffic congestion, air quality deteriorating and scarce water resources.

10. Spatial dimension • Australia is the most urbanized country in the world. Australia has a total population of 22,830,29, just above 60% of these people live in the five largest cities.Significant growth is also occurring in coastal areas especially in New South Wales, Queensland and parts of Western Australia. • In 2010 the population of New South Wales reached 7.23 million. The state had the largest population of all the states and territories in the country.

11. As people move to the larger cities, the rural or small suburb areas they came from decline. • Mining towns and small industrial towns in the country suffer as the mines and small industries close down. This causes residents to leave and move to other areas. • The Australian Bureau of statistics has carried out a number of tests and found that over 40% of rural towns in NSW are in decline

12. Newspaper article • Cars have hit EIGHT koalas in the past month near the town of Gisborne, about 10 kilometer’s northwest of the Melbourne boundary. • The latest victim, a five-year-old female dubbed Bess, was found blind and stumbling in circles in the middle of the Gisborne road to Bacchus Marsh on Tuesday of last week. • Wildlife rescuers say injuries to native animals have become commonplace since intensive housing development in the country town and the neighboring Melbourne growth suburb of Sunbury.

13. Newspaper article • Now stretches far beyond the official urban growth boundary into rural towns, from Drouin in Gippsland to Wallan on the Northern Highway and Bacchus Marsh in the west. • Melbourne could grow even bigger under the incumbent Baillieu government, which promised before the state election to review the urban growth boundary every two years to ensure there is 20 to 25 years' worth of land supply for housing.

14. Newspaper 2 • Melbourne's planning blueprint could push the city towards a biodiversity crisis, environmental scientists have warned. • Urban growth is set to sprawl over some of Melbourne's richest refuges for vulnerable species, such as the south-western corridor of Wyndham where more rare animals live than in Kakadu National Park, according to RMIT and University of Melbourne research by ecologists Sarah Bekessy and Brendan Wintle.

15. Newspaper 2 • Their preliminary findings show that Melbourne 2030, the State Government's urban development strategy, has no framework to protect and integrate biodiversity hot spots in growth corridors, habitat for at least 120 endangered plants and animals. • The warning comes as new research reveals the impact of past development on Melbourne's endangered native grasslands. Almost half have disappeared since 1985 under new housing, roads, industrial sites or been overtaken by weeds.

16. Bibliography • http://epress.anu.edu.au/anzsog • www.shm.com.au • www.Urbandecline.nsw.com

17. Bibliography -http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-16%20_u-140_t-417_c-1465/urban-growth-and-decline/nsw/geography/issues-in-australian-environments/geographical-issues:-human-elements • -http://www.cleanup.org.au/au/About/the-board.html