Urban Growth and Decline

1. Issues in the Australian Environment: Urban Processes Urban Growth and Decline

2. Cities are always changing Urban decline • Urban renewal Urban consolidation Gentrification Change involves four urban processes

3. Sydney has changed since 1788 Sydney has grown out from a centre

4. The area of first settlement has changed City from Pyrmont – 1880s

5. The same view from in Pyrmont 2010 Can you see anything from the 1880s?

6. The view from Pyrmont Bridge 2010 Can you see anything from the 1880s?

7. The area of first settlement has changed A view of Darling Harbour, 1880s

8. View across Darling Harbour 2010 Can you see anything from the 1880s?

9. The area of first settlement has changed 1902

10. The area of first settlement has changed Can you see anything from 1902?

11. Cities can be represented by circles The area of first settlement Cities grow out from areas of first settlement, and as they grow certain processes occur: Some areas Decline In some areas there is Renewal Outward growth There’s Consolidation of people in some places In other places change in social and economic status occurs - Gentrification

12. As cities growth they spread outwards

13. Geographers often use models like this Models help us understand the real world Models aren’t entirely accurate Models have aspects that are accurate We can apply this circular model to Sydney Do you think it applies to Sydney?

14. As cities growth they spread outwards Sydney CBD Zone of management administration & major retailing, where urban transport converges ensuring accessiblity Sydney CBD The area of first settlement develops as the Central Business District. Here the most intense business activity takes place

15. Around the CBD a factory zone develops Car factory Zetland Industry develops close to CBD administration, markets, labour, port sites and rail yards

16. Then a zone of housing and factories Rozelle & White Bay Industry expands into the area. The poorest people and housing conditions, high levels of pollution and congestion.

17. Next a zone of newer housing Housing Haberfield Residential zone working class and upwardly mobile people, close to employment in inner zones

18. Then a zone of even newer houses Macquarie Links Higher quality new housing on larger blocks, residents commute & have higher transport costs

19. Beyond is the rural urban fringe Mulgoa Mixed rural and high class residential area. Residents commute by train, often drive to railway stations

20. Does this describe the way Sydney is ? Rozelle has undergone ‘gentrification’ Rozelle & White Bay Mulgoa Sydney CBD Car factory Zetland Housing Haberfield There are no longer factories in Zetland Macquarie Links Much has changed

21. Suburbs like Zetland have become areas of urban consolidation with dense settlement & high rise apartment development Urban consolidation involves increasing the amount of medium to high density housing in areas that already have urban infrastructure in place, such as old industrial areas.

22. Suburbs like Annandale, Camperdown, Rozelle, Balmain, Lilyfield & Leichhardt have become expensive places to live. They have been the sites of Gentrification. Gentrification involves new groups of wealthy people moving into poor neighbourhoods and renovating the houses or sometimes building new ones.

23. Suburbs like Annandale, Camperdown, Rozelle, Balmain, Lilyfield & Leichhardt have also experienced Urban Decline With Urban Decline buildings and infrastructure fall into disrepair and dilapadation. It is sometimes called Urban decay.  Businesses close and sometimes buildings become derelict and the intensity of land use declines.

24. Suburbs like Annandale, Camperdown, Rozelle, Balmain, Lilyfield & Leichhardt have also experienced Urban Renewal The Old Piano Factory, Annandale In the older parts of Sydney Urban renewal is apparent as changing economic conditions, new technology and the increasing expense of locating people and services on the urban fringe, make inner city living and working most attractive..