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Human anatomy

Human anatomy. SHANDONG UNIVERSITY Liu Zhiyu. Introduction. Definition ： human anatomy is the science which deals with structures and functions of the human body, and it is the basic course of medicine 。 aims ：. systematic anatomy ： regional anatomy ：.

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Human anatomy

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  1. Human anatomy SHANDONG UNIVERSITY Liu Zhiyu

  2. Introduction

  3. Definition： human anatomy is the science which deals with structures and functions of the human body, and it is the basic course of medicine。 aims：

  4. systematic anatomy ： regional anatomy ： ： Surgical anatomy Sectional anatomy Surface anatomy X - ray anatomyX Locomotor anatomy

  5. Levels of Structural Organization • Atoms, molecules • Cellular • Tissue • Organ • Organ system • Organism

  6. splanchnology There are nine systems in the human body: (1) locomotor system (2) alimentary system (3) respiratory system (4) urinary system (5) genital system (6) endocrine system (7) circulatory system(angiology) (8) nervous system (9) sense organs

  7. Anatomical position

  8. Terms of the direction superior , inferior anterior , posterior medial lateral ulnar 、radial 、 tibial 、fibular proximal 、distal internal, external superficial , profound (deep)

  9. Axis： Verticsl axis Sagital axis、 Coronal axis Plane: Sagital plane Coronal plane 、 Horizontal plane (tansverse plane)

  10. locomotor system Composition: The locomotor systemconsists of bone joints muscles ，

  11. 1. Classification of the bone (1) long bone (2) short bone (3) flat bone (4) irregular bone Pneumatic bone Sesamoid bone

  12. Classification of the bone骨的分类 Diaphysis(Shaft) Extremity—epiphysis (1) long bone medullary cavity nutrient foramen articular surface、 metaphysis epiphysial cartilage epiphysial line

  13. Classification of the bone (2) short bone

  14. (3) flat bone Classification of the bone

  15. Classification of the bone (4) irregular bone some cranial bones ; Vertebrae hip bone

  16. 2. The structure of the bones • (1)bony substance • Compact bone • Cancellous bone • trabeculae

  17. The structure of the bones (2)Periosteum outer layer inner layer Endosteum

  18. The structure of the bones (3) bone marrow red bone marrowyellow bone marrow

  19. 3.The chemical composition and physical properties • organic components • inorganic components organic components： inorganic components 3 ： 7 1 ： 1 1 ： 3-4

  20. 3.The chemical composition and physical properties 7 3 1 1 3 1

  21. 4. The surface features of the bones process spine eminence tuberosity tubercle crest fossa fovea foveola sulcus impression notch

  22. 4. The surface features of the bones cavity 、sinus antrum、cellules、 canal or meatus、 aperture or foramen孔、 fissure head、capitulum condyle 、epicondyle surface、border 。

  23. Axial bone skull bones of trunk Appendiculoarbones bones of upper limb bones of lower limb 206 in number in adult

  24. 一、Bones of trunk Composition: vertebrae（24） sacrum （1） coccyx（1） sternum（1） ribs（24） (一) Vertebrae There are 33 vertebrae in children, arranged as follows: Cervical vertebrae C.V. 7 Thoracic vertebrae T.V. 12 Lumbar vertebrae L.V. 5 Sacral vertebrae S.V. 5 sacrum Coccygeal vertebrae Co.V. 3~4 coccyx

  25. 1. General features of vertebrae • Vertebral body • Vertebral arch • pedicle of vertebral archsup. and inf. Vertebral notch • lamina of vertebral arch • process (7): • spinous process • transverse process • sup. and inf. articular processes • Vertebral foramen • Vertebral canal • Intervertebral foramen

  26. 2. The characteristics of vertebrae in each region (1) Cervical vertebra a. the body: small b. transverse foramen Carotid tubercle anterior tubercle of transverse process of C6 c.spinous processes short and bifid (except 1，7 cervical vertebrae) d. vertebral foramen triangular and relatively large

  27. axis Dens Atlas • Body and spinous process absent, consists of anterior and posterior arches, and two lateral masses Groove for vertebral artery

  28. Vertebra prominens

  29. (2) Thoracic vertebrae A. Vertebrae Body heart-shape, superior and inferior costal fovea B. Spinous processes long, point obliquely posterior and downward C.transverse costal fovea D.Articular processes: coronal

  30. (3) Lumbar vertebra a.Vertebral body: Larger, kidney-shape 大， b.vertebral foramen:. Larger and triangular c.Spinous processes: square and horizontal d.Articular processes: sagittal

  31. (4) Sacrum Anterior surface: promontory, anterior sacral foramina (four pairs) Posterior surface: median sacral crest ,posterior sacral foramina (four pairs), sacral hiatus ，sacral cornu Lateral part: auricular surface , sacral tuberosity

  32. Anterior sacral foramina Coccyx (4）Sacrum、 Coccyx： promontory Anterior surface of sacrum

  33. Sacral canal Auricular surface Median sacral crest sacral hiatus Coccyx (4）Sacrum、 Coccyx： posterior sacral foramina sacral cornu

  34. （二） Sternum Manubrium Body of sternum xiphoid process Manubrium Sternal Angle Body of sternum xiphoid process 1、parts jugular notch

  35. （二） Sternum Manubrium Body of sternum xiphoid process Sternal Angle 1、parts 2、Sternal Angle

  36. Costal bone Costal cartilage True ribs ： False ribs ： Costal arch。 Floating ribs： （三）Ribs: 共12对 Composition

  37. （三）Ribs: 共12对 Costal neck Costal angle Costal head Shaft of rib Costal tubercle Costal groove Costal bone

  38. First rib ：short and flattered superior surface ：inferior surface scalene tubercle 前斜角肌结节

  39. Thank you

  40. The development of bones

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