Any Questions today?

1. Any Questions today?

2. The Other Boleyn Girl • What was your impression of the movie? • What happens in the movie? • How did Henry’s marriage with Anne break England’s relationship with the Church in Rome?

3. King Henry VIII (1491-1574) King of England for 38 years Married 6 women, had 2 beheaded His marriage to Anne Boleyn led to his excommunication from the Church in Rome.

4. King Henry the Eighth • As a young man, King Henry was described as handsome and athletic. He was also a talented writer.

5. King Henry VIII • Later in life, he was fat and sickly. He also became a vicious tyrant. He sentenced anyone who opposed him to death, including his best friends and family.

6. Treason, traitor • paranoid

7. Katherine of Aragon • Henry’s first wife • Devout Catholic • First she was married to Henry’s brother. (very short time before he died) • Henry’s wife for 24 years. • Henry had their marriage annulled.

8. “The Great Matter” • Henry wanted a male heir, and he did not believe that his wife could give him one. • Queen Katherine had only given him one daughter, the future Queen Mary I • The Bible says that if a man marries his brother’s wife, the marriage will be childless. Thus, the King believes that his marriage is cursed by God, and he has his marriage annulled. • He leaves his wife to marry Anne Boleyn.

9. Katherine of Aragon • The King said that the Queen’s first marriage had been consummated, and thus his marriage to her was invalid. • The Queen denied that her first marriage was consummated, and claimed she was a virgin when she married King Henry VIII.

10. 6 Wives of Henry VIII • Henry was desperate to have a son. • He had 2 wives executed, banished Queen Katherine, almost had his last wife executed.

11. “Divine Right of Kings” • The King’s power is believed to be given by God. On Earth, there is no greater authority than the King. • God spoke directly to the King. • As Henry aged, he became mad and irrational, but no one could stand up to him. He is one of western civilization’s most famous tyrants.

12. Queen Anne Boleyn • Convinced the King to leave his wife and marry her. • The King left his first wife, broke England’s relationship with the Church to marry Anne Boleyn • Anne had a healthy daughter, the future Queen Elizabeth I. • Anne was crowned Queen of England in 1533 at Westminster Abbey

13. Queen Anne Boleyn • She and the King had a difficult relationship and she did not bear a son. • She was tried for treason, witchcraft, and incest and killed • 10 days after she was killed, King Henry married his next wife, Jane Seymour

14. Queen Anne in the Tower • Although the evidence against her was probably false, Anne was found guilty of treason and killed. • The people were all under pressure from King Henry to have her killed so that he may marry another another woman (Jane Seymour).

15. Consequences? • What are some consequences of this historical story? • Thoughts and impressions?

16. Related movies: • A Man for All Seasons* • Anne of the Thousand Days • Elizabeth • Elizabeth: The Golden Age • Henry VIII (Shakespeare Play) • The Six Wives of Henry VIII (TV mini-series) • The Tudors (TV series )

17. The Tower of London

18. The Tower of London • One of England’s most famous places. • Historically, the tower is a fortress, a palace, and a prison, especially for high status prisoners, such as Anne Boleyn. • Today it’s a popular tourist site and is home to the Crown jewels.

19. The Tower of London • It is most famous as a prison. • This is known as “Traitor’s Gate,” and most people who entered this gate did not come out.

20. The Tower of London • To be “hanged, drawn, and quartered” was the penalty for high treason in medieval England. • It is a gruesome form of execution and torture. • The man is hanged until almost dead, then his organs are pulled out of his body while he is still alive. (drawn) • At last his body is cut into 4 pieces (quartered)

21. The Tower of London • Most executions were public, but some, such as Anne Boleyn’s, were private. • They were beheaded at “Tower Green,” it was a privilege for noblemen and women “The Execution of Lady Jane Grey” by Paul Delaroche

22. The Tower of London • At least 6 ravens are always kept in the tower • Legend says that if the ravens leave the tower, then the entire English kingdom will fall.

23. The Tower of London • The Crown Jewels of England are guarded in the Tower.

24. The Modern Monarchy • Today’s monarchy is a symbolic tradition, the monarch holds less political power than in the past. • The Queen remains “politically neutral” • The Queen has weekly meetings with the Prime Minister. • Elizabeth II was crowned Queen of England in 1953 at Westminster Abbey.

25. Westminster Abbey

26. Westminster Abbey • An abbey is a church which is a place where monks and nuns live and work • Since 1066, Coronations traditionally happen at the Abbey. (when a man or woman is officially named a King or Queen) King Edward’s Chair is the throne that the Kings and Queens sit on during the coronation. It has been used for over 800 years

27. Westminster Abbey • 1953, Queen Elizabeth II had the first televised coronation. • There are many rituals, prayers, and vows • The outcome is the official succession of a new King or Queen

28. Westminster Abbey • Westminster is also famous for housing many tombs of England’s great Kings, Queens, artists, and nobles, and great people.

29. Westminster Abbey • The Poet’s Corner Buried: Geoffrey Chaucer Charles Dickens Robert Browning Tennyson And many more… Memorials: Shakespeare Jane Austen The Bronte Sisters TS Eliot W. Wordsworth John Milton Lord Byron Etc,etc…

30. Westminster Abbey

31. Modern Monarchy • Controversies in Private life • What does your book say? Prince Charles and Princess Diana Prince Edward and Sarah Ferguson

32. Modern Monarchy • Controversy at Windsor Castle. What happened? • How did the Queen react?

33. Questions… Comments… Concerns?

35. For the rest of class we will watch an episode of the BBC mini-series “The Six Wives of Henry VIII” I am sorry that the subtitles are not very clear!