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The rise and fall of the Spanish Empire

The rise and fall of the Spanish Empire. Spain c.1030. Ferdinand and Isabella. Their marriage in 1469 combined Aragon and Castile, beginning the unification process (remain separate at 1 st ) They took many steps to achieve strong rule and reduce the power of the Spanish nobility

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The rise and fall of the Spanish Empire

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  1. The rise and fall of the Spanish Empire

  2. Spain c.1030

  3. Ferdinand and Isabella • Their marriage in 1469 combined Aragon and Castile, beginning the unification process (remain separate at 1st) • They took many steps to achieve strong rule and reduce the power of the Spanish nobility • Destroyed castles • Removed nobles from important positions (replaced with townspeople) • Forbade private warfare • Marriage into the royal family

  4. Religious persecution • Another step towards unification and absolute power was their support of the RC church • “one god one king” Jews and Muslims needed to be dealt with • 1482-1492: The Re-conquest of Granada • In 1492 the Jews were driven into Exile (property confiscated) • 1502: non-converting Moors were also exiled • Negative impacts? • Inquisition brought back to monitor converted Jews and Muslims

  5. Spain emerges • 1482-1492 re-conquered Granada from the Moors (The Reconquest) • Anti-French Political marriages strengthened Spain’s position • Daughter Joanna married to the son of the HRE Max I Archduke Phillip (mother of Charles V) • 2nd daughter Catherine of Aragon married to Arthur of England • 1517 The Kingdom of Spain has emerged with Charles I as its ruler

  6. Charles I or (V) (r. 1515-1556) • Grandson of Ferd. and Is. born in 1500 • At 6 King of the Netherlands • At 15 King of Spain • At 20 HRE • Problems (Luther, the French and the Turks) • 1556 retired to a monastery and divided his lands between his son and brother

  7. Phillip II (r.1556-1598) • Charles son Phillip II receives Spain, the Netherlands and the New World. • His Brother Ferdinand became the HRE • Phillip II: Spaniard, control freak, good organizer but lacked personal touch • Patron of the arts • El Greco • Miguel De Cervantes (Don Quixote)

  8. Phillip II and Problems with the Netherlands • Calvinists revolt against RC Spanish Rule • William Duke of Orange led the resistance • Support from Elizabeth I and anti-Spanish exiles • Dutch open the Dikes and flood the country to fend off the Spanish • The Peace of Utrecht • Created the Spanish Netherlands and the United Netherlands

  9. The Spanish Armada • Motivations: Phillip was angered by English aid to the Dutch, religious differences, commercial rivalries and the execution of Mary Stuart in 1587 • May 30 1588 130 Ships with 30,000 sailors set out for England • English And Dutch ships were able to defeat the Armada with the help of a storm that divided the Spanish fleet (destroyed 1/3rd of the Spanish ships) • Francis Drake (commander of English forces)

  10. Spain’s Decline • Reasons • Cost of war • Neglect of trade and industry (middle class) • Changes in agriculture (land to graze sheep not for food caused soil erosion) forced to import food • Over-dependence on colonial wealth • No investment in economy • Mines begin to slow down

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