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Understanding Chemical Reactions: Elements, Compounds, and Reaction Types

This educational material provides a comprehensive overview of elements and compounds, along with the five basic types of chemical reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion. It includes detailed definitions, examples of each reaction type, and common patterns observed in the reactions. Students will learn to identify substances as elements or compounds and classify various chemical reactions, reinforcing their understanding of the foundational concepts in chemistry.

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Understanding Chemical Reactions: Elements, Compounds, and Reaction Types

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  1. Warm Up (Element or Compound) • Identify the following as either an element or a compound: Cl2CuO O2 S8 Na2S SO3 P4 N2CO2 MgF2

  2. REMINDER! • Element: a substance that contains only one type of atom • Compound: a substance that is composed of atoms of different elements • NOW RE-CHECK YOUR ANSWERS

  3. Warm Up (Element or Compound) • Identify the following as either an element or a compound: Cl2CuO O2 S8 Na2S SO3 P4 N2CO2 MgF2

  4. Chemical Reactions Thousands of reactions But we are only concerned with The “Basic 5 Types”

  5. What is happening in common for all of the following reactions? • 2 Na  +  Cl2  →    2 NaCl • N2 +  3 H2  →    2 NH3 • 2 Mg  +  O2  →    2 MgO • C  +  O2  →    CO2 • P4  + 6 Cl2  →    4 PCl3

  6. Synthesis Two or more simpler substances come together to form a new substance A + B  AB

  7. Synthesis • Always makes one product out of multiple reactants. +

  8. Synthesis When magnesium is burned in the presence of oxygen gas, magnesiumoxide is formed. Magnesium + oxygen magnesiumoxide 2Mg + O2 2MgO

  9. What is happening in common for all of the following reactions? • 2 HgO  →    2 Hg  +  O2 • 2 H2O  →    2 H2  +  O2 • 2 NaCl  →    2 Na  +  Cl2 • CaCO3  →    CaO  +  CO2 • H2SO4  →    H2O  +  SO3

  10. Decomposition A compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances AB A + B 

  11. Decomposition • Always takes one reactant and breaks apart into simpler materials. + + + +

  12. Sodium iodide Water+oxygen Hydrogen peroxide Decomposition When hydrogen peroxide is in the presence of sodium iodide, it breaks down into water and oxygen gas. (electrolysis of water) 2H2O2 2H2O + O2

  13. What is happening in common for all of the following reactions? • Fe  +  CuSO4  →    FeSO4  +  Cu 
 • Cl2  +  2 NaBr  →    2 NaCl  +  Br2 • Zn  +  2 HCl  →    ZnCl2  +  H2 • Mg  +  H2O  →    MgO  +  H2

  14. Single replacement One element replaces another element in a compound AB + C  CB + A

  15. Single Replacement • A single element replaces a positive or negative ion in a compound.

  16. Single Replacement When copper reacts with silvernitrate, silver and coppernitrate are produced. Copper + silvernitrate silver+coppernitrate Cu + AgNO3 CuNO3 + Ag ?? Activity series ??

  17. What is happening in common for all of the following reactions? • NaCl  +  AgNO3 →   NaNO3  +  AgCl • BaCl2  +  Na2 SO4  →    2 NaCl  +  BaSO4 • 2 HCl  +  FeS  →    FeCl2  +  H2S • HCl  +  NaOH  →    NaCl  +  H2O

  18. Two ionic compounds in aqueous solution “switch partners” to form at least one new solid, liquid, or gas. Double replacement AB + CD  AD + CB

  19. Double Replacement • The positive ions in two compounds switch places in a reaction & make two new compounds. Positive ions

  20. Double Replacement When lead nitrate reacts with potassiumiodide, potassiumnitrate and leadiodide are produced. Lead(II)nitrate + potassiumiodide potassiumnitrate+lead(II)iodide Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI  2KNO3 + PbI2

  21. What is happening in common for all of the following reactions? • CH4  +  2 O2  →    CO2  +  2 H2O • 2 C4H10  +  13 O2  →    8 CO2  +  10 H2O • C6H12O6  +  6 O2  →    6 CO2  +  6 H2O • 2 C8H18  +  25 O2  →    16 CO2  +  18 H2O • C2H5OH +  3 O2  →    2 CO2  +  3 H2O

  22. Combustion Compounds (typically with hydrogen and carbon) are combined with oxygen which then produces carbon dioxide and water CxHy + O2  CO2 + H20

  23. Combustion • A compound of carbon and hydrogen reacts with oxygen gas and produces carbon dioxide and water ALWAYS!! + +

  24. Combustion When ethanol reacts with oxygengas, water and carbon dioxide are produced. ethanol + oxygen water + carbon dioxide C2H5OH + 3O2 3H2O + 2CO2

  25. YouTube Experiment • Culligan Bottle Experiment • Better View

  26. Identify the type of reaction:BaCl2 +  Na2 SO4  → 2 NaCl  +  BaSO4 • Synthesis • Decomposition • Single Replacement • Double Replacement • Combustion

  27. Identify the type of reaction:N2 +  3 H2  →    2 NH3 • Synthesis • Decomposition • Single Replacement • Double Replacement • Combustion

  28. Identify the type of reaction:CaCO3  →    CaO  +  CO2 • Synthesis • Decomposition • Single Replacement • Double Replacement • Combustion

  29. Identify the type of reaction:CH4  +  2 O2 →    CO2  +  2 H2O • Synthesis • Decomposition • Single Replacement • Double Replacement • Combustion

  30. Identify the type of reaction:Zn  +  2 HCl →    ZnCl2  +  H2 • Synthesis • Decomposition • Single Replacement • Double Replacement • Combustion

  31. Identify the type of reaction:C6H12O6  +  6O2  →    6CO2  +  6H2O • Synthesis • Decomposition • Single Replacement • Double Replacement • Combustion

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