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Understanding RNA: Structure, Function, and the Transcription Process

RNA (ribonucleic acid) is a crucial macromolecule made of nucleotides derived from DNA, playing a vital role in protein synthesis. Unlike DNA, RNA is single-stranded, containing uracil instead of thymine and ribose instead of deoxyribose. There are three main types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA) that carries instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, transfer RNA (tRNA) that brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) that forms part of the ribosome structure. Transcription is the process where RNA is synthesized from a DNA template, crucial for gene expression.

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Understanding RNA: Structure, Function, and the Transcription Process

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Presentation Transcript

  1. RNA 12.3

  2. What is RNA? • Macromolecule made of nucleotides from DNA • Used to build proteins • 3 types total

  3. RNA is different from DNA • Single stranded • Uracil replaces Thymine • Ribose instead of deoxyribose • Can leave the nucleus

  4. mRNA • m=messenger • Long, stringy (like a snake) • Carries the instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to initiate translation • Contains 3-base sequences called “codons” • Made in transcription

  5. tRNA • t= transfer • Responsible for bringing the amino acids for translation • Contains “anti-codons” that match up with mRNA temporarily • Shaped like a “hair pin” or a T

  6. rRNA • Structurally part of the ribosome organelle • Site of translation • Globular shaped

  7. RNA is made through “Transcription” • RNA is made in the nucleus like DNA replication

  8. What is transcription? • Making of RNA from DNA in the nucleus • Initiation at the promoter site by RNApolymerase opens up the DNA molecule • Elongation adds new RNA bases, including Uracil, down the exposed DNA bases • Termination occurs when RNA polymerase hits the “stop” signal and detaches the new single strand of RNA • http://207.207.4.198/pub/flash/26/transmenu_s.swf

  9. Review the steps • Transcription • Unzip one gene in DNA • Match up bases to one side of a gene in DNA • mRNA detaches from the DNA • mRNA moves out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm

  10. In RNA: A binds with U C binds with G DNA strand: GAG AAC TAG TAC RNA: CUC UUG AUC AUG

  11. Animation 1 • Animation 2

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