Case Study 2. AF Experiences in Yontan County

1. Case Study 2. • AF Experiences in Yontan County

2. Brief Introduction Forest: 64.2% of county area 40% of the forest destroyed and degraded during the past 20 years • Main causes of destruction & degradation: • Excessive logging for timber and firewood • Clearing for crop cultivation Songjugri:5 SLUGs formed in 2013 Ongjanggol:2 SLUGs in 2012 Waegol:6 SLUGs in 2011, 1 in 2013 formed Somaechon:5 SLUGs in 2010, 1 in 2013 CFMB SLUGs organized and AF introduced in Somaechon, Waegol, and Ongjanggol where population is dense and forest severely destroyed Agroforestry proved viable and extended during the last 3 years. Currently, there are 63 SLUGs (20 SLUGs involved in project activities) which have introduced agroforestry.

3. Brief Introduction • Yontan County is highly dependent on forest resources. • Many economy forests have been created and local industry developed based on them in the past. • Aggravating economic conditions such as shortage of food and fuel, over-exploitation of forest resources, and natural disasters such as torrential rain and typhoons destroyed and degraded many forests.

4. Aims of Agroforestry To afforest deforested mountains and build economy forests in the county in a short period of time thereby activating local economy and improving livelihood. • Importantly • Solving food issues as well as planting trees. • Create economy forests tailored to the County conditions and ensure the production of raw materials needed for economic development and livelihood improvement.

5. Improvement of AF awareness • Agroforestry awareness • Visits to Suan county, • Learn experiences • Explanation and publicity • technology extension • Model creation • Model SLUGs: group 1,2,6 • Maintain uniqueness

6. Selection of demonstration sites, organization of SLUGs • Selection of • demonstration sites • Densely populated and severely deforested area • Areas that can have immediate benefits from AF • SLUG organization • Primarily hillside land users(particularly women) • On voluntary basis • 10 people manage 10ha of land

7. Guidance to SLUG • Participate with a sense of being land owner • everything though group discussion • Meet scientific and technical requirements • cross-visits,techniques study,consulting with experts • Promote creativity • experience exchange,make use of local knowledge • Most importantly • to ensure tangible benefits, • setting examples

8. Technical dissemination as a primary work • Various themes according to the SLUGs’ demands and yearly plan • Land use plan formulation • SLUG nursery setup and management • Seedling production • Nutrition propagation (grafting, cutting…) • Tree planting and growing • Vegetative belt formation • Crop cultivation techniques • Soil erosion, flood control • Appropriate water usage • Structure design and construction • Different methods • In-door lectures • Field lectures • Transfer of technology, exercise • Experience exchange • cross-visits • Technical service

9. Advanced crop cultivation techniques -Variety of crops: Cultivated over 10 crops i.e. maize, potato, upland rice, soy, red pepper, peanut, sweet potato etc -Crop rotation: Maize➡sweet potato➡peanut, Maize➡upland rice➡red pepper… -Double cropping, mixed croping: potato + upland rice, potato + maize, wheat, barley + maize… -organic farming, landcare techniques: organic fertilizer, contour line tillage, mulching, non-tillage…

10. Participatory Land Use Planning In a participatory way

11. Key Indicators used in Land Use Planning Issues to be considered in SLM ➡ Standards and indicators ➡ Basic data

12. Zoning for land use: • Conservation and reforestation area (3) • Fuelwood area (3) • Agroforestry area (4) (Alley cropping <3>, Green belt <1>) • Soil protection area Conservation and reforestation Fuelwood Structural protection measure Agroforestry Cooperative farmland

13. A/Re-forestation • Tree planting • on the mountaintop • Larch, pine, etc. • on the steep slopes • black locust, etc. • Natural regeneration • Conservation/Protection Forest Fuel wood

14. Structural & nonstructural measures Building contour strips Stone-terracing Structural protection Agroforestry Check dams Life-fencing Planting economic valuable trees on contour strip

15. Food production and Income generation Trees + crops + Fodder/Livestock Crop diversification and crop rotation:maize, bean, sweet potato, groundnut, upland rice, millet, red pepper, sesame, red-bean,etc. Double cropping : early potato + upland rice, winter wheat + maize Agro-forestry Livestock : pigs, rabbits, goats, ducks, chickens Fish farming: carps Fruit processing: aronia fruits Greenhouse: seedlings, vergitables

16. Map of current land use

17. Map of land use plan Forest/planting 5000 larch Firewood / planting 10,000 black locust Protected forest Structural protection measures Agroforestry/ pine+ upland rice Agroforestry/ fruit tree+ sweet potato Agroforestry area Pasture area Agroforestry/ aronia + maize Fuel wood area Cooperative farm Residential area Fuel wood area

18. Demonstration, extension,SLUG expansion • Good extension base • Develop new technology • Application • Extension • Lectures and cross-visits • 3 model SLUGs • Group 2, Changmae-ri • Group 6, Changmae-ri • Group 12, Up-ri • County level • 5 demonstration lectures • 20 SLUGs for the project • 63 SLUGs • Convert into county-level work

19. Results of introducing agroforestry Land & water protection -Green belt formation: along contour line trees and fodder grass -Erosion control: checkdam, soil-protection dam, irrigation canals etc stone terraces where there are many stones -Water tank: rain and underground water various types of water tanks -For many use: drinking, irrigation, stable… Effective against flood and drought!

20. Contour-lined vegetative strip Live-fencing Soil erosion control measures Check-dam

21. Biophysical measures Contour-lined vegetative strip, contour farming, non-tillage,intercropping,crop rotation, mulching, etc.

22. Structural measures check-dam, stone terrace, dyke

23. - Vegetative strip and contour farming along contour-line at regular intervals

24. Results of introducing AF Increased gross crop output -Reduction of damages pest damages,repeated cropping damages, reduced loss owing to damages -small investment, large production saving fertilizer, seed, manpower gross output increased by 1.7~2 times Food issue solved,increased income!

25. Results of introducing AF Stockbreeding -Fodder issue solved: fodder grass such as orchard grass from greenbelt, byproducts like rice chaff, silage (winter feed)etc. -Increased number of domestic animals -Manure to the field Improved diet, High income sources, Cyclic production system

26. Results of introducing agroforestry Forest recovery -Seedling production: SLUG’s nursery specialized seedling production -Species improvement: familiar with grafting and cutting techniques increased income from superior species -Tree planting and management: mountaintop-larch,pinusrigida… grass belt- pine, evodia, seabuckthorn,… ensure85% survival rate -Ensure firewood -Forest protection, natural regeneration From destroying the forest to building the forest!

28. Material support Molding machine, greenhouse, tiller, cement, plastic sheet, fertilizer, sunshade, small farm tools, working garments,seeds, seedlings etc. • Capacity building • Nursery modernization, natural disaster prevention, land protection, tree management…

29. Experience & Lessons -Technology and methods that suit one’s own conditions should be developed. • Technical study should be strengthened & traditional local knowledge should be properly combined. • Various farming methods such as crop diversification, crop rotation and double cropping should be widely applied. (It reduces damages from continuous cropping, pest and natural disasters and ensures high and secure production.) • A lot of compost should be produced and applied to the land. (Domestic animal keeping is good for the production of organic manure fertilizer.) • Cash crops such as bell flower and medicinal herbs should be grown on the shaded land where grains cannot be cultivated. • Trees of good species should be planted and they should be bred into superior species. (Farmers can now manage with grafting and cutting by themselves without help of experts).

30. Experience & Lessons - Land protection measures should be taken. • Vegetative belts along the contour lines should be made properly and managed well.(fodder grass grown on the vegetative belts → livestock feeding → improvement of food quality → organic manures → soil fertility). • Land should be ploughed along the contour line. • Structures such as check-dams and live fencing should be built on erosion-prone spots. Land protection is an important and patriotic work not only for oneself but also for fatherland !

31. Conclusion • Agroforestry integrates livelihood improvement and forest management in mountainous areas • Agroforestry makes the local people to be the leading figures in afforestation and forest management • Forest ranger’s skills are essential in introducing agroforestry

32. Land belongs to the future!

33. Let us live not merely for today but for tomorrow! Thank You!