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Organs of head II

Organs of head II. 陳建榮. http://web.nchu.edu.tw/~chenjr/index.htm. Accessory Structures of the Eye: - orbital lig. 眼眶韌帶 - periorbital membrance (periorbita) 眶骨膜或眼鞘 - orbital septum 眼眶隔 a. eyelids or palpebrae 眼臉 b. conjunctiva 結膜 c. third eyelid 第三眼瞼 d . lacrimal apparatus 淚腺組織

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Organs of head II

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  1. Organs of head II 陳建榮 http://web.nchu.edu.tw/~chenjr/index.htm

  2. Accessory Structures of the Eye: - orbital lig.眼眶韌帶 - periorbital membrance (periorbita)眶骨膜或眼鞘 - orbital septum眼眶隔 a.eyelids or palpebrae眼臉 b. conjunctiva結膜 c. third eyelid第三眼瞼 d.lacrimal apparatus淚腺組織 e.extrinsic eye muscles

  3. a.eyelids or palpebrae眼瞼 - palpebral fissure眼瞼裂 - palpebral commissure眼瞼連合 - palpebral ligament眼瞼韌帶 - medial palpebral lig.內眼瞼韌帶 - lateral palpebral lig.外眼瞼韌帶 - the upper eyelid  levator palpebrae superioris上眼瞼舉肌 - consists of several tissues and structures - orbicularis oculi m.眼輪匝肌 - tarsal plate眼瞼板 - tarsal glands瞼板腺 b. conjunctiva結膜 - palpebral conjunctiva眼瞼結膜 - bulbar conjuncitva眼球結膜 - conjunctival fornix結膜穹窿 - conjunctival sac結膜囊

  4. 眼袋 （眼袋摘除術） 黑眼圈 Periorbita眶骨膜或眼鞘 眼眶隔

  5. 眼瞼結膜 上淚點 角膜 半月襞 淚阜 下淚點 眼球結膜

  6. c. third eyelid第三眼瞼 - plica semilunaris 半月襞 - lymphatic nodule in bulbar surface - cartilage of third eyelid - superficial gland of the third eyelid第三眼瞼淺腺 d.lacrimal apparatus淚腺組織 - lacrimal gland淚腺 - lacrimal fossa淚腺窩 - CN VII ( pterygopalatine ganglion翼腭神經節, n. of pterygoid canal) - lacrimal caruncle淚阜 - lacrimal punctum淚點 - lacrimal sac淚囊 - nasolacrimal duct鼻淚管

  7. 針眼

  8. Muscle of the eyelids • - M. levator palpebrae superioris上眼瞼舉肌 • - dorsal of optic canal  upper eyelid • - function: lift the upper eyelid • - CN III • - Orbicularis oculi眼輪匝肌 上眼瞼舉肌 眼臉下垂

  9. Extrinsic muscles of the eyeball • M. obliquus dorsalis (CN IV)背斜肌 • Trochea 滑車 • M. obliquus ventralis (CN III)腹斜肌 • mm. recti直肌 • M. rectus dorsalis (CN III)背直肌 • M. rectus ventralis (CN III)腹直肌 • M. rectus medialis (CN III)內直肌 • M. rectus lateralis (CN VI)外直肌 • M. retractor bulbi (CN VI)眼球縮肌

  10. Trochea 滑車 背斜肌 背直肌 外直肌 內直肌 腹斜肌

  11. Extrinsic muscles of the eyeball • M. obliquus ventralis (CN III)背斜肌 • M. obliquus dorsalis (CN IV)腹斜肌 • mm. recti直肌 • M. rectus dorsalis (CN III)上直肌 • M. rectus ventralis (CN III)下直肌 • M. rectus medialis (CN III)內直肌 • M. rectus lateralis (CN VI)外直肌 • M. retractor bulbi (CN VI)眼球縮肌 • Retract the eyeball • Vagina bulbi眼球鞘 眼球縮肌

  12. 眼球外在肌之作用： 上直肌 腹斜肌 內直肌 外直肌 下直肌 背斜肌 中線 內旋：上直肌及背斜肌 外旋：下直肌及腹斜肌

  13. Development of eye • Ectoderm外胚層 • Optic vesicle視泡 - lens placode • Optic cup視杯 • Outer layer of optic cup • - pigment layer of retina • Secreted vitreous body (secondary) • Inner layer of optic cup • - other layers of retina

  14. Anatomy of the Eyeball: a. The wall of the eyeball consists of three layers: - fibrous layer (Sclera)鞏膜 - vascular layer (Choroid)脈絡膜 - neural layer (Retina) 視網膜 b. Fibrous layer (Sclera)鞏膜: - anterior cornea角膜 - posterior sclera鞏膜 - iridocorneal angle虹膜角膜角 - pectinate lig.櫛狀韌帶 - scleral venous sinus鞏膜靜脈竇 (or canal of Schlemm) c. Vascular layer (Choroid)脈絡膜: - choroid脈絡膜 - ciliary body睫狀体 - iris 虹膜 - lens 水晶体

  15. Iris 虹膜 • Pupil瞳孔 • Circulation m. of iris (CN III, ciliary g.)  pupil ↓ • Dilation m. of iris  pupil ↑ • Pigment epithelium of iris Light reflex光反射

  16. Lens: - transparent, elastic structure - ciliary body睫狀体 (smooth m., CN III, ciliary g.) - ciliary process睫狀突 - secreted aqueous humor - zonular fibers小帶纖維 or suspensory ligaments懸狀韌帶 - anterior fibers - posterior fibers 白內障

  17. Ciliary process睫狀突

  18. Lens : thick  thin Ciliary body contract  tension of suspensory lig.↓ lens thickness ↑ Accommodation reflex適應反射

  19. Chamber of the eye: - the lens divides the interior into two cavities: -anterior cavity眼房: - contain aqueous humor房水 - according the position of iris - anterior chamber 前眼房 - posterior chamber後眼房 - posterior (vitreous) cavity玻璃腔 vitreous body玻璃体 (contributes to intraocular pressure) vitreous body is not continuously replaced

  20. Circulation of aqueous humor 青光眼 玻璃體混濁 （飛蚊症 ）

  21. Retina: - pars optica retinae視部網膜 - tapetum lucidum透明帶 (no pigment layer) - nontapetal area 暗帶 - pars ceca retinae盲部網膜 - pars ciliaris retinae睫狀体部網膜 - ora serrata鋸齒緣 - ciliary process - pars iridica retinae虹膜部網膜 - ciliary process - behind the iris central fovea視網膜中央窩 (macula lutea黃斑) blind spot盲點 (optic disc)

  22. 視網膜剝離

  23. Blind spot 腦壓

  24. Blind spot test 盲點測試

  25. The retina has three layers of retinal neurons: -photoreceptor layer: - rods桿狀細胞 (95%) shape, night vision - cones錐狀細胞 (5%)  color -bipolar cell layer雙極細胞層 -ganglion cell layer神經節細胞層 - horizontal cells水平細胞 and amacrine cells無軸索細胞

  26. Photoreceptor cells感光細胞 (Rod or cone cells) │ ↓ Bipolar cell雙極細胞 │ ↓ Ganglion cell神經節細胞 ↓ Opitc nerve Horizontal cell modified Amacrine cell modified

  27. Outer limiting membrane Inner limiting membrane

  28. Cone cell Rod cell

  29. Photoreceptor cells of dog Cone cell錐狀細胞 (5%)  Color - high resolution, acute vision - spectral peaks: 429nm and 555nm Rod cell桿狀細胞 (95%)  Light and dark - highly sensitive to light, poor resolution

  30. Spectra of photopigments

  31. Photoreceptor cells of human

  32. 色盲、色弱 Protanopia 赤綠色盲 (red / green) Deuteranopia 赤綠色盲 (red / green) Tritanopia 藍黃色盲 (blue / yellow) 全色盲

  33. 耳舟 Anterior 耳輪棘 緣皮囊 對輪 對珠 耳輪腳 珠間切跡 耳輪腳 耳珠

  34. Cartilage of external ear • Auricle耳殼 • -Auricular cartilage耳殼軟骨 • -Helix耳輪 • -Medial and lateral crura of the helix內、外耳輪腳 • -Anhelix對輪 • -Scapha耳舟 • -Tragus耳珠 • -Antitragus對珠 • -Marginal cutaneous sac or pouch緣皮囊 • Scutiform cartilage楯狀軟骨 • Annular cartilage環形軟骨 • External ear canal外耳道 • -Tympanic membrane鼓膜

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