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Bellringer Assignment

Bellringer Assignment. What are the two main functions of the respiratory system?. Respiratory System Chapter 16. Objectives: 11.0 Identify structures and functions of the respiratory system. 11.1 Tracing the pathway of the oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

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Bellringer Assignment

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  1. Bellringer Assignment • What are the two main functions of the respiratory system?

  2. Respiratory SystemChapter 16 Objectives: 11.0 Identify structures and functions of the respiratory system. 11.1 Tracing the pathway of the oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange 11.2 Recognizing common disorders of the respiratory system

  3. Introduction • What are the two main functions of the respiratory system? • Other functions of respiratory organs include: • Trapping particles in incoming air • Controlling temperature and moisture of incoming air • Producing vocal sounds • Aiding in sense of smell • Regulation of blood pH

  4. Introduction, continued….. • Respiration: the ENTIRE process of gas exchange between the atmosphere and body cells: • Movement of air into and out of lungs (ventilation) • Gas exchange between the air in the lungs and the blood (external respiration) • Gas transport by the blood between the lungs and the body cells • Gas exchange between the blood and the body cells (internal respiration) • Cellular respiration:

  5. Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract

  6. Organs of the Respiratory System • Your table should have 8 organs listed (found in the headings on pp.435-440). • Highlight the organs by: • Upper respiratory tract • Lower respiratory tract

  7. Diagrams • Label Figures 16.4, 16.6, and 16.7. • DESCRIBE the function of each labeled part that was not included in the Organs of the Respiratory System table.

  8. Tables/Diagrams Review

  9. Diagrams Review, continued….. • What is the function of the epiglottis? • Cricoidectomy

  10. Diagrams Review, continued….. • How many lobes does the right lung have? The left lung? • Why is the right lung larger than the left lung?

  11. Diagrams Review, continued…..

  12. Diagrams Review, continued….. • The lungs are lined by pleura: • Visceral (???) pleura, which folds back on itself to become • Parietal (???) pleura • Sounds like what other organ?

  13. Breathing Mechanism • Inspiration: breathing in • Expiration: breathing out • The flow of air into and out of the lungs is controlled by pressure. • From chemistry or physical science, what happens to pressure as volume increases? (Boyle’s Law) • So, as the diaphragm contracts into the abdominal cavity, increasing volume in the thoracic cavity, what happens to pressure in the thoracic cavity? • In which direction will air flow?

  14. Assignment: • Read “Topic of Interest” (p.444), and answer the following questions: • What are 3 effects of emphysema on the lungs? • How would these effects compromise a person’s ability to breathe? • What is the #1 way to prevent emphysema? • Complete worksheet to review concepts of respiratory system to this point.

  15. Sketch the following:

  16. Gas Exchange • Occurs in the alveoli • Alveoli are COVERED in capillaries. • Gases naturally move from areas of _____________ to areas of _____________. • This process is a form of _______________. • What is homeostasis? • How does homeostasis influence diffusion? • Gas exchange is driven by the maintenance of homeostasis.

  17. Respiratory Video Clip • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=1767DD09-D896-4EF5-B406-A6824585526B&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US#

  18. Read about emphysema on p.444 • What are 3 effects on the lungs of emphysema? • How would these 3 effects compromise a person’s ability to breathe? • What is the number 1 way to prevent emphysema?

  19. Alveoli in Emphysema Patient

  20. Control of Breathing • The respiratory center is a group of neurons in the brain stem. • It affects respiratory rate and depth. • What is the purpose in expiration? Why do we need to exhale? • What chemical triggers would result in a faster respiratory rate? • Increased levels of CO2 or H+

  21. Control of Breathing, continued….. • Increased levels of H+: • Means what? • 70% of CO2 in your blood combines to form carbonic acid, which then dissociates into H+ and HCO3+. • So what will happen if you don’t exhale enough CO2, and it remains in your blood longer? • What chemical triggers would slow the respiratory rate back down?

  22. Control of Breathing, continued….. • What chemical changes would occur in your blood if you held your breath? • What body responses would that trigger? • What is hyperventilation? • What changes occur in your blood if you hyperventilate? • What would be the body’s response? • WARNING: NOT for use when swimming!!!

  23. Alveolar Gas Exchange • Composition of air, by both volume and partial pressure: • 78% nitrogen • 21% oxygen • 0.4% carbon dioxide • Gases diffuse from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure.

  24. Gas Transport • Oxygen transport: • Almost all oxygen(98%) is transported in combination with hemoglobin. The rest is dissolved in plasma. • The bonds between oxygen and hemoglobin are easily made and easily broken. • More oxygen is released from the hemoglobin as CO2 levels increase, blood becomes more acidic, or as blood temperature increases. • Hypoxia: ???? • Hypoxemia: ????

  25. Gas Transport, continued….. • Carbon dioxide transport: • Transported in blood in 3 forms: • Dissolved in plasma (7%) • Bonded to hemoglobin (23%) • As part of a bicarbonate ion (70%)

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