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Control of PM2.5 Emissions: Existing Protocols and Future Challenges

Explore the current situation and projections of PM2.5 concentrations and the limitations of existing protocols for primary and secondary PM. Discover open questions, options, and challenges for the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution.

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Control of PM2.5 Emissions: Existing Protocols and Future Challenges

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  1. Control by existing protocols and current work under the Convention Richard BallamanChairman of WGSRSwiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape

  2. Scope of my presentation • PM2.5 concentrations current situation and projections • Existing protocols with limitations of primary and / or secondary PM • Open questions and options • Challenges for CLRTAP

  3. Sources: Puxbaum et al. 2003 Hüglin NFP 41 2001

  4. Anthropogenic contribution to PM2.5 2000 2010 2020 Rural concentrations, annual mean [µg/m3] from known anthropogenic sources excluding sec. org. aerosols Emissions for no further climate measures scenario, Average meteorology for 1999 and 2003, EMEP Eulerian model

  5. Health & environmental impact(RAINS_BL_CLE, August 2004, C. Agren)

  6. Emissions 1990 – 2020 (RAINS BL_ CLE, Aug. 04)

  7. Multi pollutants / multi effects approach: extended version with new avenues for action HMs primaryPM Acidification PAH SO2 Eutrophication Particulate matter NH3 NOx NMVOC Tropospheric ozone Population exposure

  8. The protocol on Heavy Metals • Annex III BAT for controlling emissions of HMs from 11 stationary source categories. • Annex V with limit values for controlling (mainly particulate) emissions from major stationary sources. • Annex VI with product control measures (e.g. lead free gasoline, batteries) • On-going work by IFARE to review technical annexes and by TNO to explore further measures

  9. The Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants • Annex IV with limit values for PCDD/F from waste incineration. • Annex V with BAT to control emissions of POPs from major stationary sources • Annex VII with recommended control measures for reducing emissions of POPs (i.a. mass of particulates and PAH) from mobile sources. • On-going work by TNO to explore further measures

  10. Options to consider by WGSR • Secondary PM are already covered by the MP-ME Gothenburg protocol • Primary PM to be integrated • Protocol on mercury and PM (including HMs) • A single protocol on PM

  11. Open questions • Which option seems more promising (advantages / disadvantages) ? • Are the necessary information on PM emission inventories and projections accurately enough to allow emission ceilings? • Do we have sufficient data to define BAT and LV for primary PM?

  12. Challenges for the Convention LRTAP • Increase life expectancy of European population by decrease of the mean population exposure to PM2.5 • Implementation of a legal instrument to abate PM emissions (ideally with commitments for 48 countries).

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