Understanding Nucleic Acids: Structure and Function of DNA and RNA

Feb 03, 2026

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Nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA, are vital biomolecules composed of monomers called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base. Nucleotides link together via phosphodiester bonds to form polymers. In DNA, the nitrogenous bases include adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C), while RNA contains adenine (A), guanine (G), uracil (U), and cytosine (C). This intricate structure enables nucleic acids to carry genetic information and support essential cellular functions.

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Understanding Nucleic Acids: Structure and Function of DNA and RNA

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Nucleic Acids DNA RNA ATP Function: Monomers: Nucleotides -sugar -phosphate -N base Polymer: phosphodiester bonds link the monomers DNA or RNA
N bases: • DNA – A, G, T, C • RNA – A, G, U, C

Nucleic Acids

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676 views • 8 slides

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids. Nucleic acids are molecules that store information for cellular growth and reproduction There are two types of nucleic acids: - deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) These are polymers consisting of long chains of monomers called nucleotides

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Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acids

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Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids. Nucleic acids are compounds that contain:. C, H, O, N, P. Organic, or inorganic?. Organic!!!. 2 Types. 1. DNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid. 2. RNA. Ribonucleic acid. Deoxy what?. The building block of DNA is called a nucleotide. Each nucleotide is composed of 3 things:.

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Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids. Nucleic acids : Maintain genetic information Determine Protein Synthesis DNA = deoxy ribonucleic acid “ Master Copy ” for most cell information. Template for RNA RNA = ribonucleic acid Transfers information from DNA Template for Proteins. Nucleic Acids. Chromosomes

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Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids. Nucleic Acids Structures of Nucleic Acids DNA Replication RNA and Transcription. Nucleotides. Nucleic acids consist of nucleotides that have a sugar, nitrogen base, and phosphate nucleoside. Base. PO 4. Sugar. Nitrogen-Containing Bases. Sugars. Nucleosides in DNA.

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Nucleic acids

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Nucleic Acids. Information storage. proteins. DNA. Nucleic Acids. Function: genetic material stores information genes blueprint for building proteins DNA  RNA  proteins transfers information blueprint for new cells blueprint for next generation carries energy.

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Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids. Information storage. Nucleic Acids. Function: store & transmit hereditary information Examples: RNA (ribonucleic acid) DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) Structure: monomers = nucleotides. Nucleotides. 3 parts nitrogen base (C-N ring) pentose sugar (5C) ribose in RNA

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Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids. CH339K. Monomers: Nucleotides. Component 1: 5-Carbon Sugar. Ribose vs. Deoxyribose. Difference in components of DNA and RNA Extra hydroxyl makes RNAs much more reactive. Sugar Pucker. Furanoses are not planar Can pucker out of the plane of the ring at C2 or C3

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Nucleic acids

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NUCLEIC ACIDS

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Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids. The nucleic acids DNA and RNA consist of monomers called nucleotides that consist of a Pentose sugar. Nitrogen-containing base. Phosphate. nucleotide. Nitrogen Bases. The nitrogen bases in DNA and RNA are Pyrimidines C, T, and U Purines A and G. Pentose Sugars.

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Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids. Nucleic Acids. Nucleotides = monomers of DNA/RNA (hereditary info) Polynucleotides = polymers of nucleotides Nitrogenous base Pyrimidines = Single Carbon ring  Cytosine, Thymine and Uracil (C,T,U) Purines = Double Carbon ring  Adenine and Guanine (A,G)

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