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The Nature of Nurture

This comprehensive exploration delves into the nature of learning by examining the intricate interplay between biological factors, cultural influences, and various types of learning. It discusses the advantages of flexible, soft-wired behaviors versus the disadvantages of rigid, hardwired instincts, covering topics such as classical and operant conditioning, observational learning, and the impact of environment and experience. By analyzing real-world implications through case studies, including gender differences in mate selection and drug learning phenomena, it highlights the profound significance of learning in shaping behavior and moral understanding.

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The Nature of Nurture

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Presentation Transcript

  1. The Nature of Nurture Learning & Experience

  2. Issues • The Biological Value of Behavioral Flexibility • Kinds of Learning • The Influence of Culture

  3. The Biological Value of Learning 1.) The disadvantage of hard-wired, Inflexible behavior Pine Processionary Instincts and Releasing Stimuli:

  4. Aggression

  5. Mating

  6. The Biological Value of Learning 2.) The advantage of soft-wired, programmable behavior Tabula Rasa

  7. Kinds of Learning • Conditioning • Classical (Pavlovian) • Instrumental (Operant) • Ideas • Observational Learning & Imitation • Conceptual Learning

  8. Classical Conditioning: Conditioned Taste Aversion • The Phenomenon • Implications • One Trial Learning • Selectivity of Learning

  9. Classical Conditioning: Conditioned Emotional Responses • The Phenomenon • Implications

  10. Li’lAlbert: Phobias http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xt0ucxOrPQE

  11. Skinner & Operant Conditioning • “Consequences” • Schedules of reinforcement

  12. Behaviorism John B. Watson: “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select – doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors. ..”

  13. Early Ideas About Learning • All is learned (tabula rasa) • Learning is gradual, incremental • Anything can be learned

  14. Evidence All is Learned: Gender Differences in Heterosexual Attractiveness

  15. WHR

  16. Human Mate Selection • Males: Physical attractiveness (correlated with health) • Females: Resources (care of offspring)

  17. Evidence Learning Is Gradual:

  18. Learning Curve

  19. What can Rats Learn? Illness Shock Taste Place

  20. What can Rats Learn? Illness Shock Taste YES No Place NoYes

  21. An Application of CTA: Heroine Overdose • The Phenomenon • The Explanation:

  22. Drug Injection Drug Effect

  23. Drug Effect Drug Opposite Effect

  24. “CUES ’’ Drug Opposite Effect Drug Opposite Effect Before Drug Effect Tolerance

  25. Change “Cues” No Drug Opposite Effect

  26. Change “Cues” No Drug Opposite Effect D O A

  27. Observational Learning & Imation • Bobo dolls and TV Violence • Language

  28. Conceptual Learning

  29. What else Might be Learned? • Ethics & Morality? • Human Violence? • Parenting?

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