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Community Technology Design

Social and Environmental Needs/Opportunities. Design Research. Community Technology Design. Economic and Institutional Viability. History Community Technology Design 1: workplace and public space design. UK 1982 Irish engineer Mike Cooley sees threat of increasing

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Community Technology Design

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  1. Social and Environmental Needs/Opportunities Design Research Community Technology Design Economic and Institutional Viability

  2. History Community Technology Design 1: workplace and public space design UK 1982 Irish engineer Mike Cooley sees threat of increasing automation, coins “Human Centered Design” as workplace practices that preserve skills, autonomy and dignity. US: 1975 Fred Kent: Project for Public Spaces (Bryant park before and after) Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway, Finland, Sweden): 1970s strong design tradition, highly educated workforce 1970: Trade unions demand participation in design of new workplace technologies 1980s: “Collective resource approach” (Bødker, Ehn, King, etc.) 1990s: “Cooperative Design” rejected by US, but “Participatory Design” (eg Doug Schuler in US) sells well.

  3. History Community Technology Design 2: 3rd World Development UK 1962: Economist Schumaker launches what eventually becomes the Appropriate Technology movement, mainly for 3rd world tech. 1973 writes “Small is Beautiful” US 1980s Warren and Brokeshaw, “Indigneous Knowledge in Development.” 1990s United Nations begins programs for IK in development US in 1990s: Psychiatrist Paul Polak working in community-based mental health (Denver homeless vets) applies his community-based approach to social entrepreneurship ventures in India.

  4. History Community Technology Design 3: IT and computing • 1940s: ergonomics; human factors engr: “the science of design” • 1960s: human-computer interaction: “user experience is complex” • 1990s: Contextual design, user-centered design, interaction design • 2000s: DIY, Open Source, Hackathons, Maker movements • The International Standards Organization describes 6 key principles that will ensure a design is user centered: • The design is based upon an explicit understanding of users, tasks and environments. • Users are involved throughout design and development. • The design is driven and refined by user-centered evaluation. • The process is iterative. • The design addresses the whole user experience. • The design team includes multidisciplinary skills and perspectives. Public Lab for Open Technologies

  5. Frameworks related to Community Technology Design • 3rd World Dev • Appropriate Technology • Social Entrepreneurship • Indigenous Knowledge • in Development • Lay Participation • Cooperative Design • Participatory Design • Public Interest Design • HCI and IT • User Centered Design • Contextual Design • Open Source • DIY, Maker Movement

  6. Some Community Technology Design is in 3rd world Development

  7. Even in the case of 3rd world designs, some become1st world products 1990s: Nicholas Negroponte works with laptops in 3rd world (Senegal, Cambodia) 2005: Negroponte presents idea of $100 laptop at the World Economic Forum 2007: ASUS and Intel create commercial alternative

  8. Some Community Technology Design happens in the first world Community of “Persons with Disability” 1988: Sam Farber notices his wife’s arthritis prevents her from cooking, which she loves Farber realizes there are entire communities who could benefit: from better grips: persons with disability, senior citizens, etc. Collaborating with NY firm “Smart Design” they create Oxo Good Grips: turns out everyone likes it better!

  9. Oxo and OLPC lessons: • A community is any group of people with a “collective identity”: geographic, • “community of practice”, etc.) • Community design does not have to be “pro-bono charity”—in fact it often does more good when combined with entrepreneurship, even for open source. • The technologies designed for a particular community might also be a better choice for many people outside of it

  10. IDEO: Human Centered Design

  11. Productive Tensions in Community Technology Design community individual

  12. Productive Tensions in Community Technology Design community individual

  13. Productive Tensions in Community Technology Design community individual

  14. Productive Tensions in Community Technology Design Green Tech (environment) Red Tech (jobs)

  15. Productive Tensions in Community Technology Design Green Tech (environment) Red Tech (jobs)

  16. Productive Tensions in Community Technology Design Publically owned proprietary

  17. Productive Tensions in Community Technology Design Democratize (given them what they want) Optimize (design for health, environment, social justice)

  18. Productive Tensions in Community Technology Design Democratize (given them what they want) Optimize (design for health, environment, social justice)

  19. Youth subculture: negative and positive sides

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