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Mao’s Consolidation of Power

Mao’s Consolidation of Power. Terror Andrea, Emma, Deborah. Introduction. Terror was used as during Mao's consolidation of power.  There were primarily five different ways of terror: 1. Labour Camps (Lao Gai) 2. Public Denunciations & Purges 3. Mass Campaigns 4. Imprisonments & Executions

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Mao’s Consolidation of Power

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  1. Mao’s Consolidation of Power Terror Andrea, Emma, Deborah

  2. Introduction • Terror was used as during Mao's consolidation of power.  There were primarily five different ways of terror: • 1. Labour Camps (Lao Gai) • 2. Public Denunciations & Purges • 3. Mass Campaigns • 4. Imprisonments & Executions • 5. SocialScrutiny

  3. Labor camps (Lao Gai) • lao-gaiprisons • millions of Chinese sent to these camps • harsh environments, hard physical labour in the fields or mines. • over 1,000 camps by the late 1960s • estimated that as many as 27 million people • executed, committed suicide or worked to death in camps.

  4. Public Denunciations & purges • The purge of Gao Gang and RaoShushi • Gao became head of the Central Planning Commission to direct the First Five Year Plan. • Gao took side of Mao, criticised Zhou Enlai and Liu Shaoqi for their more cautious approach • Mao accused Gao and Rao of attempting to build independent kingdoms and of ‘underground activities’. • Gao committed suicide and Rao was arrested

  5. Mass Campaigns • The Resist America & Korea Campaign • Korean War 1950 • foreigners were the enemies of China • Westerners were prosecuted and accused of being spies • Churches were closed and priests expelled • Suspicion

  6. Mass Campaigns • Suppression of Counter-revolutionaries Campaign • October 1950 • concentrated on internal threats; • counter-revolutionary = GMD, bandits and religious sect • denounced, investigated, punished • Shanghai = 28,332 in less than 1 year • Public executions • Mao: “Persons who have to be executed to assuage the people’s anger must be put to death for this purpose”

  7. Mass campaigns • The Three-Antis Campaign • started in Manchuria, late 1950s • targets; corruption, waste, obstructionist bureaucracy • mass meetings & denunciations • self-criticism • success!

  8. Mass campaigns • The Five-Antis Campaign • January 1952 • directed against the bourgeoisie • Targets; bribery, tax evasion, theft, cheating • Group criticism & confessions • those found guilty had to face enormous fines • confiscation of property & labour camps • 2-3 million suicides • people had no freedom and private thought

  9. Imprisonments & executions • Persecution of former landlords and merchants • Execution of more powerful landlords • Drug dealing was clamped down - dealers shot • Public executions to terrorise the population • Jung Chang's view: Mao intended most of the population (children and adults alike) to witness violence and killing - aim was to scare and brutalise the entire population

  10. Social Scrutiny • A nationwide network of work units, street and neighbourhood committees established • By summer of 1951: Chinese citizens over age of 15 - acquire official residence permits from the police + obtain permission if they wished to move to another area • Every citizen under scrutiny of their neighbours, workmates + people = encouraged to inform on each other

  11. Results & Conclusion • Effective method in consolidating Mao's power in China • Feeling of fear and constant scrutiny from society led to obedience of the Chinese people • Opposition = virtually wiped out or silenced • Prostitution = virtually stamped out by 1953 • Through ruthlessness and careful organisation, much of crime in China’s cities in years before 1949 = stamped out • CCP increased control over Chinese society

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