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Discover the origins of American Indians in North America, their diverse cultures, and the impact of European arrival on their way of life. Explore key terms and people, theories of migration, and the development of early civilizations.
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Vocabulary • Ice Age • Migrate • Adobe • Iroquois League • Middle Ages • Renaissance • Reconquista • Mali • Ghana • Conquistador • Columbian Exchange • Bartholomeu Dias • Prince Henry the Navigator • Amerigo Vespucci • Christopher Columbus • Ferdinand Magellan • Francisco Pizarro • Moctezuma • Atallaupa
Bartholomeu Dias- Nativgator, learned how to sail with the winds of the Atlantic. Prince Henry the Navigator- Founded a school of navigation and set up a school of navigation. Amerigo Vespucci- Credited for realizing the Americas was a new continent. Christopher Columbus- Sailor who landed in the Bahamas but believed it was Asia. Ferdinand Magellan- First to sail across the entire globe.
Hernan Cortes- Man who conquered the Aztecs. Francisco Pizarro- Man who conquered the Incans. Moctezuma- The ruler of the Aztecs. Atallaupa- The ruler of the Incans.
Pg. 8 Map Activity • What region(s) did many Native Americans hunt? • What region(s) would you find longhouses in? • What Native American tribes would fish? • What Native American tribes would live in an igloo? • What Native American tribes would hunt sea mammals?
Answers • Northeast, Great Plains, Great Basin, Subarctic, Arctic • Northeast, Southeast • Chinooks, Yakimas, Shoshones, etc. • Inuit, Aleuts, etc. • Yakimas, Inuits, Aleuts, etc.
First People to the Americas • People came to the Americas from Asia • Paleo-Indians hunted their favorite prey: mammoths, mastodons, and giant bison • Once they settled, they broke up into different tribes with different languages and customs • https://www.slideshare.net/accesssfax/native-americans-powerpoint
Objectives • Explain how American Indians may have come to North America. • Describe the process by which different American Indian groups and cultures developed. • Describe the major culture areas prior to the arrival of Europeans in North America.
Terms and People • ice age − period in Earth’s history with low global temperatures and glaciers covering large areas • migrate − to travel • Mayas − ancient people of Mexico who lived along the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean coast
Terms and People(continued) • Aztecs − ancient people of Mexico who lived in the central highlands • adobe − sun-dried brick made from earth, water, and straw • Iroquois League− loose confederation made up of five Iroquois peoples: the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas
How did the spread of civilization begin in the Americas? The earliest inhabitants of the Americas found a land rich in resources and varied in geographic features. As they settled across the land, they adapted to local environments and developed distinct ways of life.
Paleo-Indians were the first humans to live in the Americas. • Scholars believe the Paleo-Indians came from Siberia, a region in Asia. • They disagree, however, about when and how the Paleo-Indians arrived.
Land Bridge Theory • Many scholars think that 15,000 years ago. • During an ice age, hunters crossed a land bridge between Siberia and Alaska in search of food.
Coastal Route Theory Belief that 40,000 years ago, hunters and gatherers arrived in small boats sailing down the west coasts of the Americas.
The Paleo-Indians eventually migrated throughout the Americas.
12,000 to 10,000 years ago: the climate warmed, melting the polar ice and raising the ocean level. The warming climate and the skill of hunters killed off the mammoths and other large animals. Paleo-Indians adapted by fishing, gathering nuts and berries, and hunting smaller mammals.
About 3,500 years ago in central Mexico, Native Americans developed agriculture. In Mexico, some villages grew into great cities ruled by powerful chiefs. The expanded food supply led to population growth and permanent villages.
From Mexico, agriculture spread in North America. In Mexico, the Mayas and the Aztecsbuilt advanced civilizations. However, in some places, people continued hunting, gathering, and fishing.
Diverse cultures emerged in what would later become the U.S. In different regions, Indian tribes had different: • homes and clothes. • foods. • traditions. • languages.
The arid Southwest climate forced Native Americans to build dams and irrigation canals in order to grow crops. Some Native Americans in this region lived in adobe houses in farming villages, while others lived in pueblos and cliff dwellings.
Due to the climate, most Native Americans in this region were farmers. They also hunted in the forests and fished in the rivers and lakes of the region.
Algonquians lived in wigwam houses Iroquois lived in longhouses Northeastern people developed into 2 major language groups: Algonquians and Iroquoians. 5 Iroquois peoples united to form the Iroquois League, which promoted peace among the member nations.
Note Taking Activity • Pgs. 6-10: List 2 facts about each of the following Native American tribes/regions: • The Southwest • The Mississippi River Valley • The Great Plains • The Eastern Woodlands
Despite their cultural diversity, most Native American groups shared several cultural features: • decentralized political power. • spiritual beliefs and shamanism. • little private ownership of property. • equality among the various tribes. • division of labor along gender lines.
1.1 Assessment • How did the ice age lead to the migration of people to the Americas? (Pg. 4-5) • Why do tribes in different areas have different style houses and different crops? (Pg. 4-6) • What were 3 common cultural characteristics shared by most tribes (Pg. 10)
Checkpoint Answers • Native Americans were in search of food and crossed over an ancient land mass from Asia to North America. • Different places have different types of climates and a variety of resources. • 3 common characteristics shared by Native Americans are no centralized nation, belief in spirits, and respect among all people.
