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Human Geography AP Review

Human Geography AP Review. Important Concepts and People – Part 2. Migration - Movement. Cyclical To home and back; Commuting; Nomadism Activity Space Periodic Longer periods of time; Migrant labor; Military Migration Permanent relocation Rural to Urban International. Migration.

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Human Geography AP Review

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  1. Human Geography AP Review Important Concepts and People – Part 2

  2. Migration - Movement • Cyclical • To home and back; Commuting; Nomadism • Activity Space • Periodic • Longer periods of time; Migrant labor; Military • Migration • Permanent relocation • Rural to Urban • International

  3. Migration • Voluntary v. Involuntary • Push/Pull Factors • Regions of dislocation • SE Asia • SW Asia • Subsaharan Africa • Refugees

  4. Migration – Ravenstien’s Laws • Most migrants move only a short distance • Step Migration • Intervening Opportunities • Migrants that move greater distances tend to go to cities • Migration flows produce counterflows • Sequent occupance • Most international migrants are young males

  5. Link 4: New community is created in new land Link 2: Encourages family and friends to come Link 5: Process reinforced in “virtuous cycle” Link 3: Others in home community have place to go Link 1: Immigrant arrives in new place Chain Migration

  6. Culture Pop Culture Local Culture Regional/Local Slow to change Locally consumed Authentic • Universal/Global • Dynamic • Mass produced • Commercial Urban Rural (Folk) • City-based • Ethnic enclaves • Social groups • Traditional • “Tribal” • Isolated

  7. Culture Terms • Culture hearth • Region where a cultural trait or innovation originates • Culture trait • A single element or normal practice of a culture • Material; non-material • Artifacts; mentifacts • Culture complex • A related set of cultural traits (e.g., ways of eating)

  8. Culture Terms • Adoption • Choosing to include a trait developed elsewhere in one’s own culture • Appropriation • Adopting a cultural trait, but using it in the wrong context or for the wrong purpose • Assimilation • When one culture replaces another (e.g., Native Americans)

  9. US Housing Styles • Saltbox/Cape Cod • New England • Colonial • Mid-Atlantic • Tidewater • Southeast • Ranch • West

  10. Identity • Social Constructions • Race • Discrimination; segregation • Gender • Gendered-spaces • Ethnicity • Ethnic enclaves • Sexuality • Castro

  11. Language • Language v. Dialect • Cantonese v. American English • Lingua Franca • English in India • Creole • Mixture of two languages - Haitian • Pidgin • Rudimentary trade language

  12. Language Families • Proto-Language • Sub-Family • Branch • Language • Uralic • Finno-Ugric • Ugric • Hungarian • Indo-European • Uralic • Altaic • Sino-Tibetan • Afro-Asiatic • Niger-Congo • Austronesian

  13. Religion - Types • Monotheistic • Single supreme deity • Polytheistic • Multiple deities • Animistic • Spirits in natural world • Universalizing • Actively seek converts • Open to all • Proselytize • Ethnic religion • Focused on a particular group or people

  14. Religion & Space

  15. Political Geography • Nation • People with shared history and culture • The Kurds • State • Defined territory; government; population • Brazil • Nation-State • State & nation occupy same space • Japan

  16. Richard Hartshorne (1950s) • Forces at work that affect success of state • Centripetal forces • Unify a state • Centrifugal forces • Break a state apart

  17. Immanuel Wallerstein (1987) • Capitalist World Systems Theory • In a capitalist world you will have three tiers of states: • Core • Greater wealth; high technology • Periphery • Poor; low technology • Core exploits periphery

  18. Friedrich Ratzel (1844-1904) • Organic Theory • State is like an organism • Requires nourishment to prolong existence • Expand or die

  19. Sir Halford Mackinder(1861-1947) • Heartland Theory Land power is important, not sea power • World Island • Eurasia • Pivot Area • Heartland (Russia/Central Asia) • Rimland (Europe/East Asia)

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