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AP Human Geography Theoretical Model Review

AP Human Geography Theoretical Model Review. Mr. Stepek. Unit 7: Services and Urban Patterns. Central Place Theory (Christaller).

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AP Human Geography Theoretical Model Review

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  1. AP Human GeographyTheoretical Model Review Mr. Stepek

  2. Unit 7: Services and Urban Patterns

  3. Central Place Theory (Christaller) • Cities, towns, villages and hamlets are nested in an urban hierarchy reflecting that the largest central place provides the greatest number of functions. Distribution of cities is tied to trade areas, population size and distance. • Hinterland • Threshold • Range • Hexagon • Rank-size rule • Primate city rule (breaks theory)

  4. Borchert’s Epochs • refer to 5 distinct periods in American urbanization. • Sail-Wagon Epoch (1790–1830); waterways, canals, gateway cities • Steamboat-Iron Horse Epoch (1830–70), characterized by impact of steam engine technology, and development of steamboats and regional railroad networks; • Steel Rail Epoch (1870–1920), dominated by the development of long haul railroads and a national railroad network; • Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch (1920–70), with growth in the gasoline combustion engine; • Satellite-Electronic-Jet Propulsion (1970–?), also called the High-Technology Epoch.

  5. North American Urban Models Burgess Concentric Zone Hoyt Sector Zone Model Urban zones stretch form the CBD in wedges with similar functions extending out to the city’s outer edge. transportation amenities • As cities grow, circular zones defined by their function surround the CBD. • Bid-rent theory • Affects land use, density, housing and social class

  6. North American Urban Models Harris & Ullman Multiple Nuclei Model P.O. Muller Urban Realms Models related to peripheral/galactic model Edge cities/boomburbs on ring highway Greenfields = planned Uptowns = replace older areas Multi-centered metropolis consisting of independent realms • CBD loses dominance as several functional nodes develop (airport = transportation, university = education, etc.)

  7. World City Network (Lang & Taylor) • Cities provide different services and functions in a global or regional economy

  8. Classical Models of Urban Structure

  9. Peripheral/Galactic Model

  10. LDC Urban Models McGhee Southeast Asian City Model Similar land use patterns among medium-size cities Proof of world systems model with port as focus of an raw material export-based economy Alien sector = proof of Chinese migration

  11. LDC Urban Models Griffin/Ford Latin American City Model • Unique urban development. CBD stretches along blvd from central plaza, elite live along spine, squatter settlements on outskirts. • Elements of sector model in spine

  12. African City Model • Reflect colonial legacy • three CBDs • ethnic neighborhoods • fast growing • Shantytowns • megacities

  13. Services and Urban Patterns FRQ Sample #1

  14. Services and Urban Patterns FRQ Sample #1 Rubric

  15. Services and Urban Patterns FRQ Sample #1 Rubric

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