Step-by-Step Guide on Risk Management

1. Step-by-Step Guide on Risk Management For Metalworking Sector • Updated on August 2015

2. Contents Legends Objectives Risk Management Regulations Overview of Risk Management Roles and Responsibilities Risk Management Process References Note: Please click ( ) on the individual tab for more information

3. Legends RM Members RM Team Risk Management (RM) Leader • RA Members • RA Team • Risk Assessment (RA) • Leader Video Clips Forms Samples Back to content page

4. Objectives This Guide aims to provide basic guidance in implementing risk management (RM) at workplaces. Potential incidents can be prevented when hazards are identified and risks are managed. Back to content page

5. Risk Management Regulations The WSH (Risk Management) Regulationsis one of the key components of the Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) Act. Under the Regulations, all workplaces are required to conduct risk assessments for routine and non-routine work. Back to content page

6. Overview of Risk Management Risk Management involves • identifying and analysing safety and health hazards associated with work; • assessing the risks involved; • prioritising measures to control the hazards and reduce the risks; • controlling and monitoring the risks; and • communicating these risks to all affected persons. Back to content page

7. Roles and Responsibilities Employer

8. Employer

9. Manager

10. Manager

11. Manager

12. Human Resource Manager 1In the absence of a Human Resource Manager in the organisation, the equivalent person undertaking such a work profile of the Human Resource Manager should execute the duties mentioned above

13. Human Resource Manager

14. Employee Back to content page

15. Risk Management Process 1 Preparation Form Team Gather Relevant Information Identify Tasks of Each Process 2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control Communicate 3 Implementation Obtain Employer / Management Approval Implement Control Measures Communicate the Hazards and their Controls Audit / Regular Inspections 4 Record-keeping Must be Available upon Request Kept for at least 3 years 5 Review Review RA on a Regular Basis

16. 1 Preparation Form Team Identify Tasks of Each Process Gather Relevant Information I.Form Team A. Appointment of RM Team A1. Employer to: • Appoint aRM Leader • Appoint RM Members • Ensure RM Team is trained and competent in risk management • Engage RM Consultant to assist RM Team if further assistance is required

17. 1 Preparation Form Team Identify Tasks of Each Process Gather Relevant Information A2. Prerequisite and Roles of a: RM Leader

18. 1 Preparation Form Team Identify Tasks of Each Process Gather Relevant Information A3. Prerequisite and Composition of : RM Members

19. 1 Preparation Form Team Identify Tasks of Each Process Gather Relevant Information A4. Main Function of RM Team: RM Leader RM Members

20. 1 Preparation Form Team Identify Tasks of Each Process Gather Relevant Information • Appointment of RA Team B1. RM Team to: • Appoint RA Leaders among the RM Members • Assist RA Leaders if further assistance is needed

21. 1 Preparation Form Team Identify Tasks of Each Process Gather Relevant Information RA Leader B2. Prerequisite and Roles of a :

22. 1 Preparation Form Team Identify Tasks of Each Process Gather Relevant Information B3. Prerequisite and Composition of : RA Members

23. 1 Preparation Form Team Identify Tasks of Each Process Gather Relevant Information B4. Main Function of RA Team RA Leader RA Members

24. 1 Preparation Form Team Identify Tasks of Each Process Gather Relevant Information • Relationship between RM Team and RA Team RM Team RA Leader who is also a RM Member RA Leader who is also a RM Member RA Team RA Team Note: A RM Member is not necessary a RA Leader 

25. 1 Preparation Form Team Identify Tasks of Each Process Gather Relevant Information II.Identify Tasks of Each Process • RM Team to set RA scope • Divide the workplace into few a distinct areas • Assign RA Team for each distinct area • RA Team to prepare Inventory of Work Activity (IWA) • Prepare IWA form for area(s) assigned by RM Team • IWA form to include activity inventory, location, process and activity ( Please refer to Form 1: IWA form)

26. 1 Preparation Form Team Identify Tasks of Each Process Gather Relevant Information III. Gather Relevant Information A. RM Team to gather information related to RM scoping : • Workplace layout plan • Process or work flowchart • List of work activities in the process

27. 1 Preparation Form Team Identify Tasks of Each Process Gather Relevant Information B. RA Teams to gather information on RA process : • List of tools, machinery and chemicals used • Records of past incidents & accidents • Observations, interviews and feedback on WSH related matters • WSH inspection records and audit reports • Manufacturer’s instruction manual including safety data sheets • Relevant legislation, Codes of Practice and specifications • Details of existing risk control measures • Safe work procedures • Copies of previous RA • Medical conditions (e.g. allergy) of workers • Past training records of employees Note: The above information ONLY serve as a guide

28. 2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control Risk Assessment is a process of : • Identifying and analysing safety and health hazards associated with work; • Assessing the risks involved; and • Prioritising measures to control the hazards and reduce the risks Risk Assessment must be available for all work activities ( Please refer to Form 2: Risk Assessment)

29. 2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control I. Hazard Identification A. What is a Hazard ? • Anything, any source or any situation with the potential to cause bodily injury or ill-health

30. 2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control B. How to Identify Hazard? B1. RA Leader to determineways to identify hazards • brainstorming • process review B2. RA Team to determine sources of hazards • physical • mechanical • electrical B3. RA Team to consider if the hazards could cause harm beyond their immediate area of work • process hazard analysis • job safety analysis • chemical • biological • others

31. 2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control B. How to Identify Hazard? B4. Organisational Culture and Personal Risk Factors • RA should consider organisational culture and personal risk factors that could compromise employees’ work ability and safety (e.g., decreased mental alertness, fatigue, loss of concentration). • Risk control measures can be implemented to take into account varying perceptions and behaviour. • Examples of Work Organisation Factors: • excessive workload • prolonged working hours • lack of adequate training • inadequate acclimatisation to hot work environments

32. 2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control B. How to Identify Hazard? • Examples of Individual Health Risk Factors: • health risks uncovered from medical examinations • individual susceptibility to certain health risks • smoking as a risk factor for many diseases • health effects of alcohol misuse

33. 2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control C. How to Identify Risk? C1. List all work activities from the Inventory of Work Activities (IWA) form in the ‘Work Activity’ column Risk Assessment Form

34. 2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control C2. List all hazards for each work activity in the ‘Hazard’ column Risk Assessment Form

35. 2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control C3. List all possible injuries / ill-health in the ‘Possible Injury / Ill-health’ column Risk Assessment Form

36. 2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control • II. Risk Evaluation • A. What is a Risk? • The likelihood that a hazard will cause a specific bodily injury to any person Risk Assessment Form

37. 2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control B. How to Evaluate Risk? B1. List all existing control measures for each injury / ill-health in the ‘Existing Risk Controls’ column Risk Assessment Form

38. 2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control B2. Rate the most likely severity outcome of the injury in the ‘S’ column B3. Rate the likelihood that the hazard may cause the injury/ill-health in the ‘L’ column B4. Multiply the ‘S’ and ‘L’ columns in the Risk Prioritisation Number (RPN) column Risk Assessment Form

39. 2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control B5. Compare the ‘RPN’ against the Risk Matrix B6. RA Team to take action according to the recommended actions based on the current risk level Risk Assessment Form

40. 2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control Risk Evaluation based on Code of Practice on Risk Management (1 of 2) A guide to severity rating A guide to likelihood rating

41. 2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control Risk Evaluation based on Code of Practice on Risk Management (2 of 2) 5x5 Risk matrix with numeric ratings Recommended action for risk levels

42. 2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control • Risk Evaluation for Health Hazards • Estimate employees’ exposure to health hazards where appropriate via established qualitative or quantitative assessments • Compare exposure estimates to established Permissible Exposure Level (PEL) or other health standards to establish likelihood of ill-health effects • Consider relevant risk factors (see slides 43 and 44) • Consider other factors such as potential cumulative exposure and synergistic effects, where applicable

43. 2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control • Risk Factors of Health Hazards (1 of 2)

44. 2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control • Risk Factors of Health Hazards (2 of 2)

45. 2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control • III. Risk Control • What is Additional Risk Control? • To eliminate, reduce or confine the risk to an acceptable level Risk Assessment Form

46. 2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control B. How to Control Risk? • B1. Consider more effective measures in the hierarchy of control Most Effective ELIMINATION Change the Work Process SUBSTITUTION Replace Metal Gears with Pulley with Belt ENGINEERING CONTROLS Implement Noisy Machine Enclosure ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS Implement Work Rotation Least Effective PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Provide Hearing Protectors Examples for Noise Control Hierarchy of Control

47. 2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control B2. List all possible controls in the ‘Additional Controls’ column B3. Re-evaluate severity ‘S’, likelihood ‘L’ and ‘RPN’ scores (Note: New risk level should not be higher after the additional controls) Risk Assessment Form New risk level (Note: New risk level should not be higher after the additional controls) Existing risk level

48. 2 Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control B4. Identify specific person to lead the implementation of additional controls and due date B5. Record due-date for implementation B6. Implementation person to provide progress updates to RA Team Risk Assessment Form

49. 3 Implementation and Review Obtain Employer / Management Approval Communicate the Hazards and their Controls Implement Control Measures Audit / Regular Inspections Review RA on a Regular Basis • Obtain Employer / Management Approval Manager to : • Approve RA form • Prepare an action plan to implement the measures • Implement the recommended risk control measures • Monitor the action plan

50. 3 Implementation and Review Obtain Employer / Management Approval Communicate the Hazards and their Controls Implement Control Measures Audit / Regular Inspections Review RA on a Regular Basis • II. Communicate the Hazards and their Controls • Manager to Inform All Persons Exposed to the Risk about : • The nature of risks • Any measures / safe work procedures implemented • Means to minimise / eliminate the risks