Endocrine System

1. Endocrine System By Matthew Chen, John Moore, Noah Diggs, IlyaFrolov

2. Pituitary Gland • A small endocrine organ that controls many vital functions in the human body. • Divided in 3 parts the anterior lobe, Intermediate lobe , and posterior lobe which all involved in producing hormones. • This gland is also known as the “Master Gland” due to the fact that it controls other organs and endocrine glands.

3. Thyroid Gland • Gland that makes and stores hormones to regulate heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature. • The gland is located near the lower part of the neck, below the Adam's apple. • The thyroid uses iodine to makes its hormones.

4. Parathyroid Gland • Located in the neck, behind the thyroid Gland. • It regulates calcium which is a very important element to our bodies. • Controls the amount of calcium in our bones and blood.

5. Adrenal Glands • Located in the retroperitoneum. • Produces 50 different hormones. • Steroid hormones such as adrenalin, cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen and testosterone. These hormones are important to your strength and health. • This gland also regulated how you think and how effective your immune system functions.

6. Pineal Body • Regulates the Endocrine functions • Converts Nervous system signals to endocrine signals. • Produces vital hormones such as melatonin • Melatonin impacts sleep-walk cycles and sexual development.

7. Thymus gland • Located between the sternum and the lungs. • Is essential the development of the immune system. • Produces an amino acid hormone, called thymosin, which regulates the maturation of T cells, which help defend the body from pathogens

8. Gonads • Produces hormones called androgens which is important to testosterone. • Affects sexual growth.

9. Pancreas • An gland organ that is near the stomach. • It doubles as a endocrine gland and a exocrine gland. • Endocrine glands produce hormones such as insulin, glucagon. • Exocrine glands secrete pancreatic juice that contains digestive enzymes.

10. Hormones • Aldosterone-promotes salt and water retention • Cortisol-promotes production of glucose from proteins • Epinephrine, norepinephrine-intiatesbody response to stress. • Estrogen- regulates female sex characteristics

11. Hormones • Progesterone-maintains growth of uterine lining • Glucagon stimulates release of glucoseinsulin • Parathyroid hormone • Melatonin • Androgens • Thymosin • Thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin

12. Diseases • Diabetes • Thyroid disease • Pituitary Gland Disease

13. Diabetes • About 23 million Americans with diabetes. • Too much sugar • Treat diabetes with diet , medications, and insulin.

14. Thyroid Disease • Estimated that up to 10% of Americans have some sort of thyroid disease • May also have problems with muscle strength, emotions, weight control, and tolerating heat or cold. • They receive special training to manage patients with thyroid growths or thyroid cancer, and enlarged thyroid glands.

15. Pituitary Gland • Called the “Master Gland” due to the fact that it controls other glands. • Over or under production of pituitary hormones can lead to infertility, menstrual disorders, growth disorders or too much cortisol production (Cushing’s syndrome). • Endocrinologists control these conditions with medications and refer patients who need surgery.